EVERGREENS IN THE LANDSCAPE 3 



case of coniferous forests. Highly beneficial results often attend 

 a sojourn in a locality in which there are pine or spruce forests. 

 Forest sanatoria, such as those established by the states of 

 New York and Pennsylvania, are usually in sections in which 

 the conifers predominate. 



From the standpoint of timber supply, the coniferous species 

 furnish approximately seventy per cent of the timber cut each 

 year in the forests of the United States. Of minor uses, fifty 

 per cent of the box material comes from the two main divisions 

 of the pine family — the white and the yellow pines. Spruce is 

 the best material for the cheap production of paper. In the 

 southern states, long-leaf pine is the chief source of turpentine 

 and naval stores. The uses are manifold to which the wood of 

 the conifers is put. Wood, and, in large part, coniferous wood, 

 is at the foundation of the prosperity of the nation. 



The coniferous forests of the United States form a part of 

 the great belt of conifers that characterizes the North Tem- 

 perate Zone. This belt stretches from Alaska across Canada 

 and the United States and is found again in Scandinavia, 

 northern Europe, Russia, and Siberia. In the United States, 

 coniferous species are the commercially important trees in four 

 of the five natural forest regions: the Northern Forest, the 

 Southern Pineries, the Rocky Mountain, and the Pacific 

 forests. The fifth region is that of the Central Hardwoods. 



The Northern Forest includes the North Woods of New 

 England and New York, the pine lands of the Lake States, and 

 the area lying at the higher elevations southward along the 

 Appalachian Mountain ranges. The more important conifers 

 of the Northern Forest are white pine {Pinus Strohus), red 

 pine (P. resinosa), red spruce {Picea rubra), hemlock {Tsuga 

 canadensis), and cedar {Thuja occidentalis) . Although at the 

 higher elevations there are pure stands of conifers, the typical 



