ADAPTATION OF CONIFERS 67 



sides of areas in which they raise early spring vegetables. When 

 this species attains sufficient size it serves a protective purpose 

 admirably and is used in this way in many parts of the country. 

 The common arbor-vita? in a wild state is quite variable in its 

 habit, often forming a dense upright pyramid, and frequently 

 with partly spreading branches. v There are at least fifty or more 

 varieties of the common arbor-vitaj in cultivation. Some of 

 the larger pyramidal forms are var. robusta (var. Wareana) 

 with a broad pyramidal habit and deep green foliage which is 

 well retained throughout the winter. Var. Vervceneana, with 

 its pyramidal habit and slender branches, is very graceful. 

 The foliage has a faint tinge of yellow, but not conspicuous 

 enough to be disagreeable. Var. Douglasii pyramidalis has a 

 narrow pyramidal habit, with short, dense, crowded branches, 

 and is an excellent form in decorative gardening. Amongst 

 some of the best low forms are var. glohosa, low, spreading and 

 bushy; var. Ellivangeriana, a low dense sort which with age 

 becomes slightly pyramidal, and characterized by typical and 

 acicular leaves; var. Hoveyi, becoming a pyramidal-shaped 

 bush in which the branches have the appearance of being folded 

 together in layers; var. Little Gem, an admirable low form, 

 which in twenty-five years does not exceed two feet in height 

 and forms a spreading low cushion, retaining a dark green 

 color; var. Reidii, a spreading, large, bushy form with smallish 

 leaves, but in time likely to become a little thin. 



The canoe-cedar. Thuja plicata, native from Alaska to 

 Montana, is, very fortunately, one of the few conifers from the 

 western side of the continent that is promising in the East. 

 The largest individuals in Highland Park are thirty feet 

 tall and branched to the base, and the foliage retains a deep 

 green color throughout the year. It assumes a very graceful 

 pyramidal outline. It should be planted in a moist well- 



