ADAPTATION OF CONIFERS 73 



agreeable bright green color. The leaves commonly are needle- 

 shaped. It is excellent on banks and slopes. 



The horizontal juniper, Juniperus horizontalis, is widely- 

 distributed in North America in native conditions. It is often 

 found on sand-dunes, and in western New York, in Genesee 

 County, it grows abundantly in Bergen Swamp with its roots 

 in the water. The horizontal juniper has long prostrate stems 

 which cling closely to the ground and is one of the best for 

 banks, rocky slopes, and rock-gardening. Var. Douglasii is a 

 very low trailing form with bluish foliage which assumes a 

 purplish tinge in the autumn. This is often sold in the nurseries 

 as Waukegan juniper. In twenty years it will form a low mat 

 twelve to fifteen feet across. 



The common juniper, Juniperus communis, widely native 

 throughout northern parts of the northern hemisphere, is rare 

 in cultivation in this country. Its typical tree form, with 

 branches forming an irregular open head and ten to twenty 

 feet tall, is said by Sargent to be occasionally found in New 

 England, eastern Pennsylvania, and on the high mountains of 

 North Carolina. The writer remembers seeing it as a boy, quite 

 common on the hillsides in the north of Scotland as a tree of 

 considerable size. Var. depressa is the common low form sold 

 in nurseries and is abundant in rocky ground and poor soil 

 in the St. Lawrence Valley, New England, and northern 

 Ontario and Quebec. In several forms this juniper is rather 

 commonly cultivated and is valuable for rocky banks and 

 slopes. Planted three to four feet apart in a massed border, 

 it forms an excellent frontage to a group of larger conifers. 

 The habit is low branching, and in time it forms stout recum- 

 bent stems. It seldom exceeds three feet in height and usually 

 it is not over two feet. There is a var. aurea with bright golden- 

 yellow foliage which is quite striking. Var. oblonga, with an 



