m THE CULTIVATED EVERGREENS 



communis of Europe and America, are diuretic and also used for flavor- 

 ing gin. Edible seeds are produced by Pinus Pinea (stone pine) of the 

 Mediterranean, P. Cembra of Europe and Siberia, P. cembroides of the 

 southwestern United States, Araucaria hrasiliana of Brazil, and A. Bidwillii 

 of Australia. Bread is made by the Laps and Eskimos from the inner bark 

 of Pinus sylvestris; also from various Pinacese by our northwestern Indians. 

 The bark of the hemlock spruce is used for tanning. 



KEY TO THE GENERA 



A. Cone-scales and leaves opposite or whorled; ovules erect; 



cotyledons usually 2 Subf am. I. Cupressine^ 



B. Fruit berry-like, indehiscent, consisting of 2-6 connate 

 fleshy scales inclosing 1-12 seeds: leaves opposite or 



ternate, scale- or needle-shaped 1. Junipebus 



BB. Fruit a woody dehiscent cone. 



c. Leaves opposite and scale-like (only in the juvenile 

 state needle-shaped): cone-scales peltate or im- 

 bricate, opposite. 

 D. Scales of cone peltate; cone subglobose. 



E. Each cone-scale with many seeds; cone rather 

 large, usually ripening the second year: 

 branchlets terete or quadrangular, rarely flat- 

 tened, usually irregularly spreading: leaves 



fimbriate 2. Cupressus 



EE. Each cone-scale with 1-5 seeds; cone small, ripen- 

 ing the first season: leaves with entire margin: 

 branchlets flattened, rarely 4-sided, usually 2- 



ranked in one horizontal plane 3. Chaalectpabis 



DD. Scales of cone flattened, imbricate: branchlets flat- 

 tened. 

 E. Each cone-scale with 3-5 seeds: branchlets much 



flattened, ^-\ inch broad 4. Tnrrjopsis 



EE. Each cone-scale with 1-5 seeds: branchlets nar- 

 rower. 

 F. Number of cone-scales 4 or 6, the upper pair 



fertile 5. Libocedrus 



FF. Number of cone-scales 8-12, the 2 upper pairs 



fertile 6. Thuja 



cc. Leaves usually whorled, scale-like or linear: cone- 

 scales valvate, opposite or whorled. 

 D. Cone with the lower scales sterile and slightly im- 

 bricate: leaves ternate 7. Fitzrota 



DD. Cone with all the scales fertile and distinctlyValvate. 

 e. Number of cone-scales 6-8, imequal: leaves in 



whorls of 3 or 4 8. Callitris 



EE. Number of cone-scales 4, equal or nearly equal. 

 F. Branchlets compressed, articulate: leaves in 



whorls of 4 9. Tetracunis 



FF. Branchlets terete: leaves opposite or on lead- 

 ing shoots alternate 10. Widdringtonia 



