194 THE CULTIVATED EVERGREENS 



EE. Cone-scales deciduous from their axis; bracts 

 often exserted; seeds shorter than scales: 

 leaves flattened and grooved above or rarely 



4-angled 21. Abies 



DD. Cones reflexed or pendulous; scales persistent. 



E. Bracts exserted, conspicuous: branchlets not 



roughened by leaf -bases; leaves flat 22. Pseudotsuga 



EE. Bracts not exserted: branchlets roughened by 

 persistent leaf-bases. 

 F. Leaves usually flat, with bands of stomata on 

 the dorsal side, or sometimes convex or 

 keeled above and with stomata on both 

 sides, never sharply pointed; with one 

 resin-duct in the middle under the vascular 



bundle 23. Tsuga 



FF. Leaves usually 4-sided and nearly equally 

 stomatiferous on all sides, or flattened and 

 with more numerous rows of stomata on the 

 ventral side than on the dorsal side or with- 

 out any stomata on the dorsal side, usually 

 more or less pointed; with 2 or more lateral 



resin-ducts 24. Picea 



cc. Arrangement of leaves in fascicles or clusters, solitary 

 only on shoots. 

 D. Leaves many, clustered on short, thick spurs. 

 E. Staminate flowers clustered; cone-scales decidu- 

 ous: leaves deciduous 25. Pseudolarix 



EE. Staminate flowers solitary. 



F. Cone-scales persistent; cone ripening the first 



year, small : leaves deciduous 26. Larix 



FF. Cone-scales finally deciduous; cone large, 

 ripening the second or third season: leaves 



persistent 27. Cedrus 



D. Leaves in fascicles from 2-5, rarely to 8, or reduced 

 to 1, sheathed at base by scarious bud-scales: 

 cone with persistent scales 28. Pinus 



1. JUNIPERUS, L. JUNIPER 



Evergreen trees or shrubs, with the branchlets spreading in all directions: 

 leaves either all needle-shaped and in 3's, or needle-shaped and scale-like, 

 and usually opposite, both kinds often found on the same plant, the needle- 

 shaped leaves prevailing on younger plants and vigorous branches, the 

 scale-like ones on older plants: flowers dioecious, rarely monoecious; staminate 

 yellow, consisting of numerous anthers united into an ovoid or oblong catkin; 

 fertile flowers greenish, minutely globular, with several bracts, each or some 

 bearing 1 or 2 ovules; the bracts become fleshy and unite into a berry-like 

 cone, usually wholly inclosing the 1-6, rarely 12, seeds. The fruit ripens 

 either the first year, as in J. virginiana, or the second, as in J. Sabina and 



