ENUMERATION OF CONIFERS 197 



45 feet; branchlets triangular, with prominent ridges: leaves decurrent, 

 linear-lanceolate, spiny-pointed, 3^-^ inch long and J^-^^ inch broad (the 

 broadest of all species), with 2 white lines above and broad green midrib, 

 keeled below: fruit bluish-black or brown, bloomy, ^4-1 inch across, edible. 

 Greece, Asia Minor. — Introduced in 1854 to England. Handsome orna- 

 mental tree of columnar habit; thrives in limestone soil. Probably not hardy 

 north of the Middle Atlantic States. 



Section II. Oxycedrus, Endl. 



Leaves, winter-buds, and flowers like those of the preceding section: 

 fruit smaller; seeds free, usually 3. 



2. J. macrocarpa, Sibth. (J, neahoriemis, Gord.). Plum J. Shrub or 

 f^^mall tree, to l^ feet high, of dense pyramidal habit: leaves crowded, linear- 

 lanceolate, tapering from the base, spiny -pointed, spreading, 3^-^ inch 

 long and about ^^2^ inch broad: fruit to 3^ inch across, dark brown, glaucous. 

 Mediterranean region. — Introduced into cultivation in 1838; probably hardy 

 as far north as New York. 



Related species are the following: J, Oxycedrus, L. Prickly J. Shrub or 

 tree to 30 feet, with slender branches: leaves linear, tapering from the middle 

 to a spiny point, ^^j— yV i"ch wide: fruit M~3^ inch across, not or only 

 partially glaucous. Mediterranean region to Caucasus and Persia. Intro- 

 duced to England before the beginning of last century. — J. Cedrus, Webb & 

 Berth. (J. pendula. Loud.). Tree with wide-spreading branches and pendu- 

 lous branchlets: leaves less rigid, scarcely spiny : fruit subglobose, ^3-^2 inch 

 long, finally orange-brown. Canary Islands. — Cultivated in California. 



3. J. formosana, Hayata (J. taxifolia. Pari., not Hook. & Am.). For- 

 mosa J. Tree to 40 feet usually dividing into several stems from the base, 

 with spreading or ascending branches and pendulous branchlets: leaves 

 more or less directed forward, linear, spiny-pointed, 3^^-! inch long and 

 iV~tV i"<^'i wide, with 2 broad white bands above, confluent near apex, 

 keeled below: fruit subglobose to broadly ovoid, about J^ inch across, reddish 

 or orange-brown. Formosa, China. — Introduced by Fortune to England 

 about 1850, and in 1907 by E. H. Wilson to this country. Handsome tree 

 with pendulous branchlets, hardy as far north as Massachusetts. 



A related species is J. taxifolia, Hook. & Arn., which is easily dis- 

 tinguished by the obtuse or obtusish leaves 3<4~3^ in. long ,and the lustrous, 

 light chestnut-browTi, subglobose or depressed-globose fruit. Bonin Islands. 

 — Introduced in 1917 by E. H. Wilson to the Arnold Arboretum; probably 

 hardy only in the Southern States and California. 



4. J. rigida, Sieb. & Zucc. Needle J. Fig. 30. Small pyramidal tree, to 

 30 feet, or spreading shrub with the slender branches pendulous at the 



