198 THE CULTIVATED EVERGREENS 



extremities: leaves in closely set whorls, narrow-linear, tapering from the 

 middle into a spiny point, stiff, sulcate and with a narrow white band above, 

 prominently keeled below, yellowish-green, 3^-1 inch long: fruit globose, 

 ]4r}/i inch across, brownish-black, bloomy, 

 finally somewhat shining, ripening the second 

 year. Japan, Korea, and Manchuria. — Intro- 

 duced in 1861 to England by J. G. Veitch. 

 Graceful, narrow-pyramidal tree, loosely branched 

 with pendulous branchlets; hardy as far 

 north as New England and Ontario. 



5. J. conferta, Pari. (J. litoralis, 

 Maxim.). Shore J. Procumbent shrub: 

 leaves crowded, narrow-linear, tapering 

 into a spiny point, sulcate and with 

 narrow white band above, keeled below: 



black at maturity, 3-seeded. Japan and 

 Saghalin, on sandy seashores. — Intro- 

 duced in 1915 to the Arnold Arboretum 

 by E. H. Wilson. Hardy at least as far 

 north as Massachusetts; it should make 

 a good ground-cover and be particularly 

 suited for planting on sand-dunes. 



6. J. communis, L. Common J. Plate XII. 

 Upright shrub or tree, sometimes attaining to 40 

 feet: leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, tapering 

 from the base into a sharp point, concave and 

 with a broad white band above, sometimes di- 

 vided at base by a green midrib, bluntly keeled 



below, 14-^ inch long: fruit almost sessile, oa t • • -j 



J 1 li 1 1 / 1 / • u • .30. Juniperus ngida. 



dark blue, glaucous, ^-f/% inch across, ripenmg 



the second or third year. The typical form is common in northern and 

 central Europe and extends through northern and western Asia to Korea 

 and Japan; in North America it occurs only occasionally from New England 

 to Pennsylvania and North Carolina. — A variable species with several geo- 

 graphical and climatic varieties and some garden forms. 



Var. aurea, Carr. (var. aureo-variegata, Beiss. var. variegata aurea, Carr.). 

 Golden J. Young growth golden-yellow turning green the second year. 



Var. suecica, Loud. {var. fastigiata,'H.oTt.). Swedish J, Narrow colum- 

 nar form, growing sometimes into a tree to 40 feet high, with rather long, 

 spreading leaves, the branchlets with drooping tips: of lighter and more 

 bluish color than the following variety. Var. hibemica, Gord. (var. stricta. 



