ENUMERATION OF CONIFERS 233 



S. verticillata, Sieb. & Zucc. Umbrella-Pine. Fig. 54 and Plate XXII. 

 Tree attaining 1"20 feet, with short and slender, horizontally spreading 

 branches forming a narrow, pyramidal, compact head, in old age loose; bark 

 nearly smooth, separating in long thin shreds, gray to grayish-brown, red- 

 brown below: scale-like leaves dark brown, J/q hich long; the large connate 

 leaves 15-35 in each whorl, linear, stiff, obtuse, and emarginate, deeply 

 furrowed on both sides, dark green and glossy above, with 2 white bands 

 beneath, 3-6 inches long: cone 3-5 inches long, ovate-oblong; seed 3^ inch 

 long. Central Japan. — First successfully introduced to England in 18G1 by 

 J. G. Veitch and one year later to this country by Dr. G. R. Hall. It has 

 proved hardy as far north as Massachusetts and is one of the handsomest 

 and most distinct conifers. It is doing well under cultivation, but is of slow 

 growth and forms a narrow pyramidal tree densely clothed with dark green 

 lustrous foliage. 



12. TAXODIUM, Rich. BALD-CYPRESS 



Deciduous or evergreen trees or shrubs: leaves alternate, linear, usually 

 2-ranked, falling off in autumn or the second year together with the short 

 lateral branchlets: flowers monoecious, small; staminate flowers catkin-like, 

 consisting of spirally arranged anthers, with 4-9 anther-cells anfl forming 

 terminal panicles; fertile flowers solitary or in pairs at the ends of branchlets 

 of the previous year, composed of imbricated scales bearing 2 ovules inside 

 at the base: cone globose or nearly so, maturing the first year, consisting of 

 spirally arranged woody scales enlarged at the apex into an irregularly 4- 

 sided disk with a mucro in the middle and narrowed toward the base into a 

 slender stalk; 2 triangular, winged seeds under each scale; cotyledons 4-9. 

 (The name refers to the similarity of the foliage to that of Taxus.) — 

 One species in eastern North America and one in Mexico. 



A. Foliage deciduous 1 . T. distichum 



AA. Foliage persistent 2. T. mucronatum 



1. T. distichxim, Rich. (Cupressus disticha, L. Schubertia disticha, Mirbel). 

 Common Bald-Cypress (Deciduous Cypress). Fig. 55. Tall deciduous 

 tree, becoming 150 feet high, with a buttressed trunk usually 4-5, but some- 

 times attaining 12 feet or more in,diameter, usually hollow in old age; bark 

 light cinnamon-brown, shallowly fissured into broad flat ridges covered with 

 long fibrous scales; branches erect or spreading, distichously ramified, form- 

 ing a pyramidal head, becoming at maturity broad and rounded, with slightly 

 pendulous branches: leaves narrowly linear, acute, thin, light green, y^r^i 

 inch long: panicles of the purplish staminate flowers 4-5 inches long: cone 

 almost globose, rugose, about 1 inch across and destitute of mucros at matu- 

 rity, seed 3^ inch long. Flowering in spring. Delaware to Florida, west to 



