ENUMERATION OF CONIFERS 251 



FF. Winter-buds not resinous: leaves stout, J^-^ 

 inch, usually obtuse, often with a few sto- 



matic lines above 18. ^. numidica 



EE. Apex of leaves sharply pointed. 



F. Leaf J^-1 inch long, radially spreading: buds 

 resinous, small, bracts of cones exserted 



and reflcxed 20. A. ccphalonica 



FF. Leaf pectinate, to 2 inches long: winter-buds 

 large, pointed, not resinous: cone bristly 



with the long upright tips of the bracts 32. A. venusta 



AA. Leaves stomatiferous on both sides, grayish-green or glau- 

 cous" buds resinous. 

 B. Position of leaves radially spreading, pointed, short and 



rigid; resin-canal internal 19. .1. Pinsajm 



BB. Position of leaves not radially spreading. 



c. Buds completely covered with resin: leaves flat. 



D. Branchlets pubescent: leaves not pectinate, with 



internal resin-ducts 26. .4. lasiocarpa 



DD. Branchlets glabrous: leaves pectinate, with marginal 



resin-ducts 29. A. concolor 



cc. Buds thinly resinous, with a ring of free acuminate 

 scales at base: leaves of the upper ranks curving up- 

 ward from an approssed base; resin-cinals marginal. 

 D. Bracts of cone much exserted and reflexed: leaves 



of sterile branches flat and grooved above 30. A. nobilis 



DD. Bracts of cone hidden or slightly exserted: leaves 



4-sided 31. A. magnifica 



1. A. sibirica, Ledeb. {A. pichta,FoTh. A. Semenovii, Fedtsch.). Siberian 

 F. Tree to 100 feet tall; bark smooth; winter-buds globose, resinous; 

 branchlets gray, minutely pubes"cent: leaves linear, slender, up to 1^ inches 

 long, rounded and entire or bifid at apex, lustrous, bright green above, often 

 with 2 or 3 short lines of stomata near apex, with 2 narrow grayish bands 

 beneath, crowded and directed forward: cone cylindric, 2-3 inches long, 

 bluish before maturity; scales about § inch wide, with denticulate margin; 

 bracts hidden, scarcely half as long as scale. Northern Russia to Kamchatka, 

 south to Turkestan and Manchuria. — Introduced to Europe about 1820. 

 Hardy as far north as Canada, but starts to grow early and is often injured 

 by late frosts. It is not very satisfactory in the Eastern States and is likely 

 to become thin and scraggy. 



A closely related species is A. nephrolepis, Maxim. (A. sibirica, Trautv. 

 A. gracilis, Komar.). Bark of trunk rough; branchlets more pubescent: 

 leaves shorter: cones smaller; bracts longer. Eastern Siberia, northern 

 China. — Introduced in 1908 to Europe. 



2. A. sachalinensis, Mast. {A. Veitchii var. sachalinensis, F. Schmidt). 

 Saghalin F. Tree to 120 feet tall, with smooth light gray bark; winter-buds 

 small, very resinous; branchlets slightly grooved, pubescent in the grooves: 

 leaves similar to those of A. sibirica, but without stomata above and with 



