260 THE CULTIVATED EVERGREENS 



buds small, with few obtuse scales, not resinous; brancblets gray, with 

 scattered short hairs: leaves pectinate, those of the upper and middle ranks 

 pointing outward and upward, linear, rounded and bifid at apex, |— 13^ 

 inches long, lustrous dark green above, with white bands beneath: cones 

 cylindric, 4-5}'^ inches long, green while young, finally reddish-brown; 

 scales about 1 inch broad, tomentose outside; bracts exserted and reflexed. 

 Mountains of Central and southern Europe. — Hardy as far north as southern 

 Ontario and New England, but not very satisfactory in the Eastern States. 



Var. pendula, Asch. & Graebn. (A. pedinata pendula, Carr.). Weeping 

 Silver F. With pendulous branches. 



Var. pyramidalis, Voss (A. alba fastigiata, Asch. & Graebn. A. pedinata 

 pyramidalis, Carr.). Sentinel Silver F. With ascending branches forming 

 a columnar head. 



Var. columnaris, Rehd. {A. pedinata coluvmaris, Carr.). Columnar 

 Silver F. With very short branches of nearly equal length forming a 

 columnar head. 



Var. equi-trojani, Asch. & Sint. Leaves attenuate toward the apex and 

 slightly emarginate: cones oblong-cylindric; bracts much exserted. Asia 

 Minor. — This variety forms a transition to A. cephalonica; it is probably 

 not in cultivation. 



24. A. Fraseri, Poir. Eraser F. (Southern Balsam F.). Tree to 70 

 feet tall; bark smooth, reddish and scaly in old trees; winter-buds small, 

 subglobose, very resinous; branchlets yellowish-gray, densely covered with 

 short reddish hairs: leaves crowded, spreading upward and forward, pectinate 

 below, linear, rounded and bifid at apex, |-1 inch long, shining dark green 

 above, with broad white bands beneath: cones oblong-ovoid or ovoid, l}^- 

 9,yi inches long, purple before maturity; scales about ^/'i inch wide; bracts 

 exserted and reflexed. Alleghany Mountains from West Virginia to North 

 Carolina and Tennessee. — Introduced to Europe in 1811 by John Eraser. 

 Hardy as far north as southern Ontario and New England, but not very 

 satisfactory under cultivation. 



25. A. balsamea, Mill. Balsam F, Tree to 70 feet tall; bark grayish- 

 brown, scaly on old trees; winter-buds small, reddish, very resinous; branch- 

 lets ashy-gray, short-pubescent: leaves spreading upward, pectinate below, 

 on weaker branchlets indistinctly pectinate above, linear, rounded and 

 slightly bifid at apex, f-1 inch long, lustrous dark green above and often 

 with a few stomatic lines near apex, with narrow grayish-white bands be- 

 neath: cones oblong, 1/^-23^ inches long, violet-purple before maturity; 

 scales f inch wide; bracts usually inclosed (exserted in var. phanerolepis, 

 Fern.). Labrador to West Virginia, west to Minnesota and Iowa. — Intro- 

 duced to England in 1698 by Bishop Compton. Hardy as far north as 

 Canada, but not growing satisfactorily outside of its natural habitat. 



