268 THE CULTIVATED EVERGREENS 



winter-buds obtuse, slightly puberulous; young branchlets yellowish-brown, 

 pubescent: leaves linear, obtuse or acutish, dark green and obscurely grooved 

 above, with 2 whitish bands beneath, 3^-^ inch long: cones ovoid, Y^ 

 yi inch long, peduncled; scales orbicular-obovate, almost as wide as long. 

 Nova Scotia to Maine and south along the mountains to Alabama. — Intro- 

 duced to Great Britain in 1636 by Peter Collinson. Hardy as far north as 

 Canada. The hemlock spruce yields the lumber most commonly used in 

 the East for framing and clapboarding of buildings. It is not used for 

 finishing lumber. It is a handsome ornamental tree and several garden forms 

 have originated in cultivation. 



Var. albo-spica, Beiss. Whitetip H. Tips of the young branchlets 

 creamy-white. 



Var. parvifolia, Beiss. Leaves very small, }/i inch long or shorter: branch- 

 lets stout, closely set and niunerous. 



Var. gracilis, Beiss. (var. micro'phjlla, Hort.). Slender Canada H. 

 Slow-growing form with slender sparingly ramified branches, spreading and 

 more or less drooping at the ends : leaves very small, about }/i inch long. 



Var. compacta, Senecl. (var. compacta nana, Beiss.). Dwarf Canada H. 

 Plate XXXII. Dwarf conical pyramid with niunerous short branchlets 

 clothed with small leaves. 



Var. nana, Carr. Dwarf and depressed form with spreading branches and 

 short branchlets. 



Var. pendula, Beiss. (var. Sargentii pendula, Hort. var. Sargentiana, 

 Kent). Sargent Weeping H. Plate XXXII. Flat-topped form with 

 spreading branches and drooping branclilets. 



6. T. heterophylla, Sarg. (T. Alhertiana, Senecl. T. Mertensiana, Carr.). 

 Western H. Tree attaining 200 feet in height, with short, slender, usually 

 pendulous branches forming a rather narrow pyramidal head in older, but 

 rather broad in young trees; winter-buds ovoid, obtuse; young branchlets 

 pale yellowish-brown, pubescent for five or six years and with long pale 

 hairs while young: leaves linear, obtuse or acutish, distinctly grooved and 

 dark green above, with white bands below, 3^-M iii^h long: cones oblong- 

 ovoid, sessile, ^-1 inch long; scales oval, slightly puberulous outside. Alaska 

 to Idaho and California. — Introduced to Great Britain in 1851. A handsome 

 tree of rapid growth in rich humid soil, but not doing well in the dry climate 

 of the Eastern States and not hardy north of New York. 



A related species is T. dumosa, Sarg. (T. Brunoniana, Carr.). Tree to 

 120 feet tall; branchlets light brown, pubescent: leaves tapering to an acute 

 apex, with broad white bands beneath, leaving scarcely any green margin, 

 l-\}4. inches long: cone 1 inch long. Himalayas. — Introduced to Great 

 Britain in 1858, but doing well only in favorable localities; scarcely known in 

 this countrv. 



