306 THE CULTIVATED EVERGREENS 



stems and branches smooth and thin, dark green, on old trunks thick and 

 deeply divided into plate-like ridges covered with large purple-brown or 

 cinnamon-red scales; branchlets brown, pubescent; winter-buds oblong- 

 obovate, apiculate: leaves stout, sharply pointed, dark bluish-green, 3-4 

 inches long, with conspicuous white lines on the back: cones on peduncles 

 2-3H inches long, cylindric, often slightly curved, light brown, lustrous, 

 10-20 inches long; seed about Yi inch long, dark brown or nearly black. 

 Oregon to Lower California. — Introduced to Great Britain in 1827 by David 

 Douglas. Hardy as far north as Massachusetts in sheltered positions, but 

 growing slowly. A handsome tree of pyramidal habit and with dark green 

 foliage. On the Pacific Coast it is one of the tallest trees. 



8. P. parvifiora, Sieb. & Zucc. Japanese White P. Tree to 80 feet tall, 

 of dense pyramidal habit, with slender horizontal branches; bark of young 

 trees smooth, on older trees fissured into thin flaky scales, red-brown beneath; 

 branchlets light greenish-brown, puberulous: leaves crowded, rather stiff, 

 usually twisted, forming brush-like tufts at the end of the branchlets, bluish- 

 green, M~lM inches long: cones ovoid or oblong-ovoid, almost sessile, red- 

 dish-brown, 2-3 inches long; seeds dark brown, hardly Yl inch long, with 

 short wing. Japan.^ — Introduced to Great Britain in 1861 by J. G. Veitch 

 and its var. pentaphylla in 1879 by Maries. A handsome, picturesque pine 

 with wide-spreading branches and dark green foliage. Hardy as far north as 

 Massachusetts. 



Var. glauca, Beiss. A form with glaucous foliage. 



Var. pentaphylla, Henry {P. pentaphylla, Mayr), is the wild form and 

 differs in its longer leaves, larger cones, and longer seed-wing from the form 

 originally described which is much cultivated in Japan as a grafted tree and 

 has shorter usually twisted leaves 2-4 inches long forming brush-like 

 tufts at the end of the branchlets and is usually a lower tree of more irregular 

 habit, bearing numerous decorative small cones when older. 



9. P. Peuce, Griseb. (P. excelsa var. Pence, Beiss.). Macedonian P. 

 Attains 50 feet in height, with ascending short branches forming a narrow 

 dense pyramid; bark smooth on young trees, grayish-brown, ultimately 

 fissured into small plates; branchlets greenish, glabrous, not glaucous; winter- 

 buds ovoid: leaves straight, bluish-green, 3-4 inches long, without stomata 

 on back: cones short-stalked, cylindric, 33^-6 inches long, with obovate 

 scales; seed 4 lines long. Mountains of the Balkan peninsula. — Introduced 

 in 1864 to Germany. Hardy as far north as New England and southern 

 Ontario. Ornamental pine of dense narrow-pyramidal habit and slow growth; 

 a desirable pine for smaller gardens. 



10. P. excelsa, Wall. (P. Griffithii, McClelland. P. nepalensis, Chambr.). 

 Himalayan P. Attains 150 feet in height, with spreading and slightly 

 ascending branches forming a broad open pyramid; bark grayish-brown, 



