ENUMERATION OF CONIFERS 327 



Jack P. Fig. 92. Tree to 70 feet tall, usually lower, sometimes shrubby, with 

 slender spreading branehes, forming a broad open head; bark dark brown, 

 slightly tinged with red, divided into irregular narrow ridges covered with 

 thick appressed scales; branchlets yellowish- to purplish-brown; winter-buds 

 oblong-ovoid, light brown, very resinous: leaves stiff, twisted, spreading, flat 

 or slightly concave on inner face, about -^ inch broad, acute or obtusish, 

 dark or bright green, about 1 inch long: cones conic-oblong, usually curved, 

 pale yellow-brown and lustrous, unarmed, l3l2-2 inches long, remaining on 

 the tree for twelve to fifteen years; apophysis flattened, with a transverse 

 line and a small dark obtuse umbo; seed black, ^/g inch long. From Nova 

 Scotia to Mackenzie, south to northern New York, northern Illinois, and 

 Minnesota. — Introduced to Great Britain before 1873. The hardiest of the 

 American pines and valuable for colder regions, particularly for planting 

 on dry and sandy soil; of little ornamental value, but older trees often pre- 

 sent a picturesque aspect. 



4'2. P. contorta, Dougl. (P. Bolanderi, Pari. P. contorta var. Bolanderi, 

 Koehne). Shore P. Tree to 20, occasionally to 30 feet tall, with rather stout 

 branches forming a round-topped, compact, or open head; bark deeply and 

 irregularly divided into small oblong plates covered with appressed dark red- 

 brown scales tinged with purple or orange; branchlets light orange or orange- 

 brown; buds ovoid, dark chestnut-brown, resinous: leaves stiff, twisted, 

 acutish, dark green, 1-2 inches long: cones ovoid or conic-ovoid, very oblique 

 at the base, often remaining closed for several years after maturity, 1-2 

 inches long, light yellowish-brown and lustrous, scales of the upper side with 

 elevated pyramidal apex, the dark umbo ending in a slender incurved spine. 

 Alaska to California, and the variety east to Montana and Colorado. — 

 Introduced in its typical form to Great Britain about 18.55, and the variety 

 about 1853. The variety is hardy as far north as southern Ontario and New 

 England, while the type is tenderer. This pine is without particular orna- 

 mental merit. 



Var. latifolia, Engelm. (P. Murrayana, Balfour. P. contorta var. Mur- 

 rayana, Engelm. P. Boursieri, Carr.). Lodge-Pole P., is the form in the 

 Rocky Mountains and a taller tree of pyramidal habit, to 80, or occasionally 

 to 150 feet tall, with orange branchlets, lighter green leaves 13^-3]^ inches 

 long, and with less oblique cones; bark thin, close, light orange-brown, 

 covered with thin loosely appressed scales. — The commonest coniferous tree 

 of the northern Rocky Mountains, often forming forests of great extent. It 

 plays an important part in the natural regeneration of the forests of that 

 region. 



43. P. muricata, Don. Bishop P. (Prickle-cone P.). Tree to 50, oc- 

 casionally to 90 feet tall, with stout spreading branches forming a regular 

 pyramid in young trees, in old age usually round-topped and compact; 



