BROAD-LEAVED EVERGREENS 355 



Ilex opaca, American holly, has light green foliage and white 

 flowers, followed by dull red berries late in fall. It is much used 

 for decoration at Christmas. It does well in the shade and 

 prefers moist soil. 



Euonymus radicans is a low procumbent shrub with often 

 trailing and rooting or climbing branches, sometimes to a 

 height of fifteen to twenty feet. The foliage is dull green above 

 with whitish veins. The fruit is light red. It is desirable for 

 covering rocky banks or rough walls. There is a form with 

 foliage variegated creamy white and light rose. In autumn it 

 turns to a shade of purplish-pink. Both varieties like a moist 

 soil and are propagated from seeds and green wood cuttings. 

 Var. Carrierei is a large, handsome, glossy-leaved climber, 

 useful for covering stone walls, buildings, and for ground- 

 cover, but must be protected from the winter sun. It is not quite 

 hardy in the Northwest and must be planted in moist but 

 perfectly drained soil. It will do best on an eastern and south- 

 ern exposure. Var. vegeta is a broad-leaved creeper valuable 

 for ground-cover, being a strong grower with handsome green 

 foliage followed by abundant fruit. It requires protection from 

 the winter sun and will do well in partial shade. Var. acuta is 

 distinguished by its sharp-pointed leaves. It grows rapidly and 

 is hardy; valuable for ground-covering, walls, and buildings. 



Pachysandra terminalis, or Japanese spurge, is one of the 

 best ground-covers and the one principally used in the North- 

 west on account of its hardiness and ease of propagation. 

 It is useful for bordering walks and drives under evergreen and 

 shrub plantings and does well in some shade or even in dense 

 shade where grass will not grow. The leaves are green all winter. 

 It grows from six to nine inches high and spreads along the 

 ground and does not require protection. It is propagated from 

 cuttings and grows best in a clay loam. 



