ccmpo-ent. A more rroist grassland found on the ste^, shady north 

 face of Mount Royal is dcminated by sedge species. 



Douglas-fir forest . Douglas-fir forest ccnprises the la,-«st 

 coniferous forest of the Hills. Pcnderosa pine, more carmen in 

 other isolated mountain rarges, is absent; apparently, base 

 elevations of the Hills are above the cold limits of pcrderosa 

 pine. The understory of Douglas-fir forest is the most developed 

 of all coniferous forests found in the Hills. Shrubs are 

 abundant, including serviceberry, Oregon grape, prince's pine, 

 ocmmcn juniper, russet buffal(±eny and v^iite spirea. Ccnspicuous 

 forbs include bluntleaf sandwort, orange arnica, clematis, spotted 

 coralrodt, Virginia strawberry, northern bedstxaw, Richardscn's 

 geranium, stcrecrop, starry Solcmcn's seal and rreadcwrue. A drier 

 Douglas-fir savannah occurs on some south slcpes, while Douglas- 

 fir and limber pine are found en the rocky, Icwer south slope of 

 Vfest Butte. 



Limber pine woodland . Limber pine occurs alcrg forest edges 

 throughout the montane region, forming pure stands en dry ridges 

 east of KDunt Brown. 



Lodgepole pine forest . Dense, even-aged stands of lodgepole pire 

 occur en steeper, north-facing slopes from 1500 to 2100 m. The 

 understory is sparse and includes heart-leaved arnica, twinflcwer, 

 white spirea, sidecells pyrola, ore-flas'ered wintergreen, green 



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