the National Forests 13 



Fortunately a large proportion of the shores and of the adjoin- 

 ing country belongs to the public and rests under the administra- 

 tion cf the Forest Service. Fortunately, too, these immeasurable 

 scenic values can be preserved without the slightest interference 

 with the timber values or with the greater grazing interests 

 in this territory. Here everything is to be gained and nothing 

 lost by a frank recognition of esthetic values and an administra- 

 tion based on the policy of making all utilities (lumbering, 

 grazing, irrigation, watershed protection, mining, and landscape 

 beauty) fully available to the citizens of the entire country. 



In our scheme of legislation and administration the National 

 Monuments are frankly a makeshift. The man in the road finds 

 the idea a puzzle. Let it be explained there- 

 The National f° re that each National Monument is created 

 Monuments presumably for the preservation of some natural 

 wonder or some historic or prehistoric relic. 

 The land including the objects to be preserved is withdrawn from 

 the usual status of public lands. It can not be taken up for 

 private use either as farm homesteads or for mining or other 

 similar commercial uses. It is closed to commercial exploitation. 

 This withdrawal is made by presidential proclamation, and 

 herein lies an important difference between a National Monu- 

 ment and a National Park, which can be created only by act of 

 Congress. 



Here is another inconsistency which troubles the average 

 man, in that some of the National Monuments are administered 

 by the Department of the Interior while others are under the 

 management of the Department of Agriculture, and two are under 

 the authority of the War Department. The practical explanation 

 of this discrepancy is to be found in the fact that some of the 

 Monuments were erected out of lands already under administration 

 of the Department of Agriculture as National Forests, and the 



