108 ANIMAL PARASITES. 



The following names are given to it in common with Bothrio- 

 cephalic.*} lotus and T<enia mediocanellata : le Ver Plat; Tape- 

 worm; Jointed worm; Bandelorm \ Brinicke-mask ; Lingditg 

 (Turmale, in Africa) ; Kosso (Abyssinia). 



Tlie worm presents five known steps of development, which we 

 Lave not exactly separated in tlie special description, but will 

 mention here: 1, the sexual animal — proglottis ; 2, the grand- 

 nurse = six-Looked embryo ; 3, tlie resting scolex = Cysticercus 

 celluloses in tlie parenchyma, areolar tissue, and cavities of the 

 body; 4, tlie active scolex = nurse, that is, tLe Cysticercus cel- 

 lulosee, which will become a Taenia solium in tlie intestine; and 5, 

 tlie strobila, tlie series of segments of Taenia solium produced by 

 gemmation from 4 = Ttenia solium. 



a, Tmnia matura. 



Tbat tLe name of Tcenia solium Las been incorrectly applied to 

 tliis worm, which so very frequently occurs in society, we Lave long 

 been convinced. I Lave very frequently seen expelled 2 — 3 from 

 one person ; my colleague, Dr. Pfaff, 7 ; Madame Heller, 30 ; and 

 Dr. Kleefeld, of Gorlitz, once counted 40 worms expelled from 

 one patient ; and I Lave found 10 in a criminal (vide infra, where 

 tlie reasons for tlie companionsLip of tLese worms will be found). 



The Strobila — Head: AltLougL tliis varies somewhat in size, 

 it is rarely larger than the Lead of a common pin. It bears 

 a tolerably abundant, dingy, blackish-brown pigment, which is 

 deposited in particular abundance around tLe base of tlie sLort 

 rostellum, and in tlie sacs round tLe stalks of tlie Looks ; after 

 tliis, it is in tlie greatest quantity on and around tlie sucking 

 discs, decreases in density and intensity of colour posteriorly, 

 and terminates in an undulated, pretty clear line between tlie 

 Lead and neck. I saw tliis pigment in great abundance, and 

 very black, in two Tcenia expelled by M. Pose, in Genadedal, at 

 tbe Cape of Good Hope, and which lie sent to me. It pene- 



were brought, in order that he might insert them into him, so that the worm (or worms) 

 might gnaw these instead of him, and he might thus obtain a little rest. When these 

 were again drawn out, they were all gnawed to pieces by the worm, and new ones were 

 then applied to the anus. Tlie worms, however, did not cease to gnaw until his genitals 

 fell off, and he in consequence died." The case undoubtedly refers to a cancer of the 

 rectum in a patient, who at the same time suffered from tape-worm, and is interesting 

 even on account of this complication. 



