214 ANIMAL PARASITES. 



cavity of the size of a fist was discovered, the contents of which 

 were a granular, fatty, purulent matter, and mixed with 

 shreds. The inner surface was tubercular, as though cleft, 

 with secondary cavities at the bottom, which were separated 

 from the large cavity by tumours. This cavity exhibited a 

 yellow, coherent coating on the lower and hinder portions, 

 and also globular, vesicular, projecting bodies, as large as hemp- 

 seed, in a greenish-white mass. Its walls consisted of sinewy 

 ligamentous tissue, and internally of an aggregation, be- 

 coming gradually thicker, of small gelatinous vesicles lying in 

 very small cavities {alveoli). Where the wall was thinner, flat 

 pits were met with instead of these small alveoli. All the 

 alveoli contained small gelatinous masses, generally of a yellow 

 colour (the collapsed Echinococcus-xes\c\es) . In Virchow's case 

 the true tumour-mass, which was nearly as large as a child's 

 head, extruded through a very large space of the parenchyma of 

 the liver, and exhibited everywhere an alveolar tissue, although 

 the alveoli were mere points. The above-mentioned necklace- 

 like alveolar cords of the surface were in connection with the 

 portions of this tumour which lay towards the periphery, and 

 round the tumour there were large numbers up to the size 

 of a walnut, isolated in the parenchyma of the liver. From the 

 larger tumour similar masses extended continuously towards the 

 porta hepatis, thence to the capsula Glissonii, and with it for 

 6 centim. into the immediate vicinity of the intestine, in the 

 form of a hard, tubercular, sausage-like cord, about 2*5 centim. 

 in thickness. In short, throughout the whole extent of this 

 tumour, necklace-like canalicular lines were seen running close 

 to the gall-ducts and branches of the portal vein, compressing 

 them and inflating them in a corresponding degree in other 

 places, so as nearly to cause rupture and perforation of the 

 walls. The individual ampullae of these necklaces were of vari- 

 ous sizes, up to 1 centim. in length, and 3 — 4 millim. in 

 breadth ; they had sinuated walls, and contained gelatinous, 

 membranous, folded or vesicular formations, in a slimy, greenish 

 paste. 



All the canals of the liver, the gall-ducts, portal vein and 

 hepatic veins and arteries were compressed and irregular here 

 and there, in consequence of the intrusion of the knots of the 

 tumour. The ductus choledochus and hepaticus were displaced 

 and laterally compressed, leading to a stoppage of the bile : 



