TMCHOCEPHALUS DISPAR. 327 



tions on the sides. This latter at least takes place, undoubtedly, 

 in the portion of the intestinal canal which is situated more 

 towards the end of the so-called neck ; previously, and in the 

 anterior part of the neck, a similar arrangement seems rather to 

 be apparent ; and the similar appearance seems to be produced 

 by the narrow intestinal canal forming very narrow turns from 

 one side to the other. The further the intestinal canal proceeds 

 backwards, the broader and thicker does it become, until at the 

 point where the anterior part of the body passes into the 

 abdomen it is again narrowed to a slender thread. At the sides 

 of the whole of this region of the intestine there is a tolerably evi- 

 dent layer of muscles or contractile parenchyma, which penetrates 

 into all the vacuities of the convolutions of the alimentary canal, 

 and forms a mass of small triangles, with their apices turned 

 towards the intestine, and the apices of which appear, as it were, 

 to hold the alimentary apparatus stretched towards the sides. 

 At the base of the hindmost dilatation of the alimentary appa- 

 ratus in the anterior part of the body, and at the place where 

 this passes into the above-mentioned thin thread which leads to 

 the pyriform stomach, there are two wing-like appendages directed 

 forwards, which in general are of a much lighter yellowish colour 

 than the alimentary canal itself, and which appear, in Trichina 

 spiralis, to turn back again. I regarded these as glands, or small 

 cxcn, or appendages of the alimentary canal, but have become 

 doubtful of the correctness of this interpretation, since I have 

 been acquainted with Walter's investigation of the nervous system 

 of Oxyuris. They may, perhaps, be portions of the oesophageal 

 ring which occurs in the Nematoida. Unfortunately, I have 

 had no opportunity of examining fresh Trichocephali with this 

 view, so that I must leave the signification of these wings an 

 open question. The inner wall of this entire apparatus appears 

 to be clothed with a round, granular, sparing epithelium, which, 

 however, Wedl regards as verruciform elevations, and therefore as 

 a kind of gland or villi, looking towards the lumen of the 

 alimentary canal. This part is followed by the pyriform stomach. 

 At this point, also, the thin anterior body ceases, and with the 

 point where the stomach is found we arrive at the point of 

 transition of the anterior part of the body (collutn) into the 

 abdomen (truncus, abdomen), which there presents essential differ- 

 ences in the two sexes, which are well worth close attention. 

 Upon the pyriform dilatation of the stomach follows, first of all, 



