TRICHINA SPIRALIS. 345 



To prove the existence of this orifice Luschka appeals to the 

 fact that he once succeeded by pressure in evacuating contents 

 out of both tubes, which first poured into the cavity of the 

 lower part of the body, and, by further pushing forward of the 

 object, passed out by the opening of three valves at the blunt 

 extremity, without any indication of a rupture being perceptible. 

 At the same time, according to Luschka, there is almost always 

 near the upper end of this tube, a body of a roundish or 

 polygonal form, composed of 18 — 20 dark elementary granules, 

 which has been regarded by all observers as belonging to the 

 generative system. Its contents are scattered formative elements, 

 most frequently perfectly clear, roundish bodies, which differ 

 greatly from the contents of the intestinal canal of the Trichina 

 and from the structures swimming in the fluid of the cyst. 

 Luschka regards this second tube as the male generative organ, 

 and the dark body referred to as the testis, but, as the place of 

 formation of the eggs, the wider tube in the anterior half of the 

 body, which perhaps stands in such close union with the nutri- 

 tive canal, that a separation, such as was seen by Luschka in the 

 single case already mentioned, is rarely possible. 



There is certainly no doubt that Luschka has fallen into an 

 error in this case. Even the simple observation that this thicker 

 tube was always seen even by Luschka, and that the appendage 

 indicated by him as the testis was always visible, must suffice to 

 render Lnschka's view doubtful. For either all the Trichince 

 were destined to become males, as the tube was absent in none of 

 them, or the males occurred in an enormous majority as com- 

 pared with the females, of which we can hardly have a further 

 example amongst the Nematoda, or lastly, according to Luschka's 

 supposition of the simultaneous existence of an ovigerous organ, 

 these Nematoda must all be hermaphrodites. 



In my opinion, this tube, which is certainly closed before and 

 behind, is the first foundation of the genitalia, and indeed of 

 both the male and female internal sexual apparatus. In all 

 cases, we observe at the level of the tubular portion of the 

 above-described infundibulate organ (stomach) the caecal tube 

 already referred to by Luschka ; but I could also see it on the 

 other side of the worm, bending over or under the commence- 

 ment of the stomach. At the hinder extremity it always ceased 

 a certain distance from the anus. In both sexes the first founda- 

 tions of the generative organs are similar ; in both we find the 



