368 ANIMAL PARASITES. 



of the intestine, and the inner membrane of the stomach into the 

 epithelial membrane of the intestine. The epithelium consists of 

 a simple layer of large, delicate-walled, hexagonal cells, flattened 

 against each other, with a pale nucleus and a distinct nucleolus. 

 They resemble pavement epithelium, such as Luschka has figured 

 in the intestine of Trichina spiralis. "What Wedl figures as 

 epithelium are seminal corpuscles. Between the epithelium and 

 the peritoneum, we find, as a continuation of the muscles of the 

 stomach, fine longitudinal muscles, and an intermediate layer of 

 cells. The latter, merely on account of its cells, is, according to 

 Walter, an analogue of the liver (bile-producing organ), for 

 which, however, it seems to me, he has forgotten to furnish the 

 proof. 



The rectum, according to Walter, does not present these three 

 layers, and is destitute of the longitudinal muscles, but possesses 

 annular muscles to close, and a strong transverse muscle to open 

 the anal cleft. 



The tail of the male has an obtuse extremity, apparently 

 capable of conversion into a sucker, but this must not be con- 

 founded with the above-mentioned ventral sucker. 



Sexual relations of the Oxyurides. 



The males were discovered bv Sommering in the evacuations 

 from an oil-clyster, with which the celebrated father had expelled 

 the Oxyurides from his son, and sent to Bremser, who also found 

 them subsequently, although but sparingly. Wedl also only met 

 with them in small numbers, and Von Siebold, curiously, never 

 saw them, which also appears to have been Dujardin's case. And 

 yet Dr. Zenker has shown that they may be discovered with 

 great ease. 1 He has allowed me to state, that according to his 

 experience, males occur abundantly wherever we meet with the 

 females in great numbers. All that is necessary is, to scrape off 

 the mucus from the walls of the large intestine with a scalpel, 

 and place the mucous mass upon the object-glass. The collection 

 of males is particularly successful when the excrement is evacuated 

 from the intestine by diarrhoeas. In this way Dr. Zenker collected 

 about a drachm of diarrhceal mucus from the large intestine of a 

 lying-in woman, who died in Dresden from puerperal fever, and 



[' I have found no difficulty in discovering males. They are generally much fewer 

 in number. — Trans.] 



