386 ANIMAL PARASITES. 



the secretory organs discovered by von Siebold in Strongylus 

 auriculatus, and other Nematoda. 



Pathological anatomy, symptoms, and therapeutics. — This worm 

 is by no means of so little consequence to the individuals 

 attacked by it, as one might perhaps think, and this depends 

 particularly upon the number of the worms. "VVe give the fol- 

 lowing, after Griesinger, who is the best clinical observer of this 

 disorder. 



The worm attaches itself firmly by biting into the mucous 

 membrane and submucous tissue ; the spot on which a worm sat 

 is indicated by an ecchymosis of the size of a lentil, in the middlle 

 of which a white spot of the size of a pin's head appears, which 

 is pierced by a hole of the thickness of a needle penetrating into 

 the submucous ligamentous tissue. From these wounds the 

 blood often enters freely into the intestine, and then we find such 

 a piece of intestine entirely filled with blood which has flowed 

 out of the punctured places. Frequently, however, the mucous 

 membrane of the intestine is beset with flat, livid, brownish red 

 elevations of the size of a lentil. This is the case when the blood 

 collects in a small cavitv between the muscular coat and the 

 mucous membrane. In this case, a specimen of the worm, 

 having penetrated the walls of the intestine, often lies within this 

 cavity itself, covered with blood, with which it has also com- 

 pletely filled itself. 



One consequence of this disorder is ansemia; and Griesinger 

 concludes that the chlorosis, so generally diffused in Egypt, 

 which he had previously described as the " Egyptian 

 chlorosis/' and which in a greater or less degree attacks at 

 least one fourth of the population, is produced by this 

 worm. 



Lower degree of the disorder. — Paleness of the general integu- 

 ment and mucous membranes, a gurgling noise in the jugular 

 veins, tendency to palpitation of the heart, habitually quickened 

 pulse, slight bodily lassitude without emaciation, often with a fat 

 and heav}' appearance, and occasional slight disturbances of 

 digestion (Gastro-enteritis , or more correctly Catarrhus intestinalis) 

 occur. If this condition remains uncured for a long time, it 

 passes through many intermediate steps to the higher degree of 

 the disorder, which closes as chlorotic marasmus. Emaciation 

 often commences rather late, cedematous swellings are formed 

 on the lower extremities, on the eye-lids, &c. ; the skin, which 



