426 ANIMAL PARASITES. 



not pass as such into the urine (Kletzinsky), must act quite 

 differently from the pigment causing jaundice. Kletzinsky 

 thinks be found that the yellow pigment which makes its appear- 

 ance in the urine after the administration of santonine, belongs 

 to the xanthine series of madder, without, however, finding a 

 trace of it in santonine, even in that which had become yellow, 

 reddish-brown, and finally dark brown, by lying. "We must, 

 therefore, certainly for the present, suppose, with Zimmermann, 

 that the colour phenomena are actions which take place in the 

 brain, which is certainly affected for a time by the use of san- 

 tonine, by a transient alteration of the retina and the central 

 extremities of the optic nerve. 



That it is necessary to be cautious in the employment of san- 

 tonine, follows as a matter of course, and I should never give 

 more than eight grains in two days, divided into doses of two 

 grains each, twice a day, and on the second day of its use admi- 

 nister an aperient. 



One does not know, in fact, whether to join in the complaint 

 of J. Clarus, that this remedy has not yet been admitted into the 

 ' Pharmacopoeia officinalis ' of Saxony, as serious errors and 

 mistakes certainly occur with regard to this remedy, and, at all 

 events, the remedy now to be referred to is a much more inno- 

 cent medicine, and yet produces the same effects. 



2. Natron santonicum. — Both H. E. Richter, who first sent me 

 the remedy prepared by Hautz himself, and myself can testify to 

 the excellent action of this medicine. We have never seen inju- 

 rious subsidiary actions, and I have even administered doses of 

 gr. viij — x twice a day to adults. The remedy must be ad- 

 ministered alone, as every acid readily decomposes it, and it must 

 not be mixed with electuaries. If it is to be taken at the same 

 time with an aperient, the simple Aqua laxat. Vienniens is to be 

 preferred. I make use of the following method : — As it is 

 usually children that are brought by the parents with complaints 

 of their being troubled with worms, and I myself do not wish to 

 keep them from school, even if the parents did not usually feel 

 the same desire, I let the children take a powder of Natron 

 santon., with sugar (2 — 5 grains, according to age), on a Friday 

 night, and repeat the same dose on Saturday morning (fasting) 

 and evening, and again on Sunday morning. On Sunday, half 

 an hour or an hour after the last powder, an aperient electuary 

 [Elect, lenitiv. mite or Londinense, according to circumstances) or 



