341 



and adequately monitor. 



19. So the real problem is that you don't trust the Forest 

 Service. Since you can't monitor the Fores [sic] Service 

 Streamside management, you want prescriptions, right? 



See response to question number 14. 



20. At page 3 and 4 of your testimony, you justify the 100-foot 

 buffer strips by pointing to the need to recruit Large Woody 

 Debris (LWD) into streams, right? 



Yes. Large woody debris is one of several important factors 



that a minimum 100-foot buffer zone would protect. 



21. Am I right that Large Woody Debris recruitment and stream 

 temperature are the main reasons for the buffer strip 

 policy? 



No. Large woody debris (LWD) and stream temperature are 



essential to fish habitat and were used as determinants of 



NMFS's buffer zone policy; however, there are several other 



important factors in maintaining fish habitat including 



shade and cover, streambank stability (i.e., undercut 



banks) , preventing erosion and sedimentation, adequate 



sunlight, nutrient cycling, and tempering of floods from 



rain or snow events. These factors are for the most part 



also protected by the minimum 100-foot zone that ensures 



recruitment of large woody debris and that emulates 



temperature regimes and shade found in the riparian zone in 



old-growth forests. Simply keeping logging debris and 



equipment out of and away from the stream prevents much 



physical disturbance of the stream and habitat. 



22. Am I also right that nearly 50% of Large Woody Debris comes 

 from within one meter (three feet) of a stream's bank, two- 

 thirds of Large Woody Debris comes from within five meters 

 (15 feet) and 83% comes from within 33 feet? 





