27 

 incubation. Additionally, every effort should be 

 made to place salt licks outside of active 

 Ferruginous Hawk territories and water tanks. 



2. Minimize power pole nesting . I observed one 



renesting attempt by a Ferruginous Hawk pair after 

 their nest had been removed from a power pole. 

 This pair attempted to reuse the same pole which 

 ultimately resulted in loss of the nest during a 

 storm. In areas where hawks attempt to nest on 

 power poles (i.e. the Monida area) deterrents 

 should be erected upon poles to discourage the use 

 of this substrate by Ferruginous Hawks for nesting 

 or suitable alternate structures should be erected 

 nearby. 



B. Research . 



1. Assess the impacts of grazing . A long term 

 monitoring project on a selected subset of 

 Ferruginous Hawk nests and how the occupancy, nest 

 success, and productivity relate to current and 

 historical grazing practices would be very 

 informative. It has been inferred that grazing 

 can positively influence the foraging of 

 Ferruginous Hawks by removing hiding cover for 

 prey in addition to increasing the densities of 

 some species of small mammals (Kochert et al . 

 1978, Wakely 1978, Schmutz 1987b). However, over 

 the long term, grazing may also increase the 



