USE OF SULPHUR AGAINST FUNGI. 51 



gives excellent results (Sorauer) ; Phyllactinia sujfulta, Eebent. (mildew 

 of the hazel and the ash-tree) ; Microsjylicera Grossularice, Wallr. 

 (mildew of the gooseberry leaf). Nijpels and Sirodot af&rm the success 

 of sulphuring. 



Sjihceroiheca Castagnei (mildew of the hop). — Nijpels recommends 

 to fight it, like the oidium of the vine, by three sulphurings, the first 

 before flowering, the second during flowering, and the third when the 

 cones are completely developed. 



SpharotJieca i^annosa, Lev. (mildew of the rose and the peach). — 

 By methodical sulphuring, applied as soon as the disease appears, the 

 rose bushes, most sensitive to this mildew, may be quickly cured. 

 Vesque, Briosi, and Eegel regard sulphur as the most sure and efficient 

 method. The curative treatment of the peach ixiiller (meunier du 

 pecher) also consists in two or three sulphurings applied after ten days' 

 interval. 



Fumagine (smut of fruit trees). — Sulphur has the same action on 

 capnodium as on mildews, but to be completely successful it is necessary 

 to fight the lice and the cochineal, which are the first cause of the 

 fumagine. Amongst the Sphseraceae capable of being fought with 

 sulphur there may be mentioned : — 



Deynatojihora ?iecatrix (white root rot of vine, etc.). — Narbonne has 

 tried sulphur against vine rot. He advises to pull up the most badly 

 attacked stocks ; to lay bare the stocks not so badly attacked as deep as 

 possible, and dust the roots abundantly with sulphur. It is useful to 

 renew this operation several times before the stocks are covered up 

 again. 



Black Blights, the mycelium of which is in the interior of the plant,, 

 are more difficult to reach by sulphur, but as their organs of fructifica- 

 tion, the conidiophores, are formed on the surface of the leaf, those- 

 organs can be got at by sulphur. The propagation of the disease is 

 thus fettered. In this class are : — 



Sphcerella Fragarice, Sacc. (spots of the leaf of the strawberry). — 

 This very common and often harmless disease may, when it is 

 intensely severe, stop the development, and entail the death of the 

 plant. Nijpels recommends sulphur mixed with lime to prevent the 

 disease on young plants. 



Septoria Petroselini, Dmz. (var. Ap. Br. et Cav.), injurious to celery, 

 is fought by sulphuring, like the Cercospora Apii (Duggar, Baily, and 

 Sturgis). 



Gloeosporium ampelophagum, Sacc. (grape rot). — This disease 

 may be fought by sulphuring, but to succeed it must be applied in 

 the beginning of the attack, so as to hinder the germination of the 

 spores. To stimulate the action of the sulphur it is mixed with pul- 

 verized iron sulphate or lime. Paul Sol advises a very abundant first 

 sulphuring before flowering, to distribute them plentifully in the same 

 spots, and then to sow ferrous sulphate broadcast, 50 kilogrammes per 

 hectare (44 lb. per acre). If the epidemic be not arrested it is necessary 

 to renew this treatment. Viala obtained good results from mixture of 

 sulphur and lime applied in the following proportions : — 



