USE OF SULPHUR AGAINST INSECTS. 53 



young vine shoots, and the grapes. The crop is sometimes seriously 

 compromised in the South of France by the great nvimber of these 

 Locustides. The grapes may be protected from their voracity by 

 dusting the bunches in June, at the time when the Ephippigeres 

 appear, with a mixture containing equal parts of sulphur and lime 

 (Valette). 



Eriocampa adumhrata (slug worm, or slimy caterpillar of pear-tret 

 saw-fly). — Goethe recommends ground sulphur against the sticky larvae 

 of this saw-fly. This treatment is in common use in the Tyrol (Fischer). 



Carpocapsa Pomonella, L. (codlin moth), the grub of which renders 

 apples wormy. The sulphuring of apple trees, after flowering, is 

 very efficient in drawing off the butterfly and preventing it laying its 

 eggs on the young apples. 



Phylloxera vastatrix (phylloxera of the vine). — Two processes have 

 been used ; that of Saintpierre, tried unsuccessfully, is quoted as a 

 matter of history. It consisted in making a hole in the vine with a 

 gimlet and in introducing 3 grammes of sulphur, then in re-closing the 

 hole with a plug. The second process, that of Aman- Vigie, consisted in 

 injecting into the soil, by means of a special bellows, a mixture of sulphur 

 and sulphurous acid. But these vapours do not diffuse well in the soil 

 and only penetrate it imperfectly. Henneguy, after trying this process, 

 concluded that, applied in July and August, it exerted an unfavourable 

 action on the propagation of this insect. If it be not capable of entirely 

 freeing the vine from its parasite, it kills a sufficient number to allow 

 the plant to live normally. 



Use against Acari. — Tetranychus telarius, L. (red spider). — In 

 hothouses it may be • fought with sulphur. Maynard advises to heat 

 the sulphur in a pot till it gives off fumes without inflaming. This 

 operation should be renewed two or three times a week for several 

 months. Sturgis asserts that this process destroys at the same time 

 the Peronospiora, De By, which resists repeated sulphurings in the 

 open air. 



Tetranychus bioculatus, W.M. (red spider of tea). — Playfair recom- 

 mends to destroy it to spread on the tea before cutting 50 to 60 kilo- 

 grammes of sulphur per hectare (44-52-8 lb. per acre). 



Eriophyes Vitis, Land., syn. Phytop)tus Vitis (erinosis of the vine). 

 — Erinosis may be arrested by repeated sulphuring, commencing some- 

 time after the formation of the buds, when the branches are 8-10 

 centimetres (3-2-4 inches) in length. Couderc advises a hot day in 

 spring for the operation. 



Eriophyes Malinus, Nal., syn. Erinium Malinum (erinosis of apple 

 and pear). — Sulphuring applied from bottom to top produces a satis- 

 factory effect. 



Eriophyes Piri, Pgst. C. (brown rust of the pear), syn. Phytoptus 

 Piri. — Eepeated sulphurings are efficacious if applied before the ap- 

 pearance of the disease. 



Phyllocoptes Schlechtendali, Nal. (browning of leaves of pear and 

 apple trees). — This fungus is readily accessible to insecticides, and 

 sulphur acts in a sure manner. 



