CARBON DI SULPHIDE. 67 



of crop. On nurseries planted with grafts, the maximum dose is 200 

 kilogrammes, say 4 cwt. per hectare (176 lb. per acre) ; in these the pal 

 ought to be sunk 35 centimetres (say 14 inches) in the soil, so as to inject 

 the carbon disulphide lower than the roots, and thus to avoid contact 

 with the liquid sulphide. On a soil free from any crop the best moment 

 to treat it is likewise in the middle of the month of February, and in 

 general it may be said that injections ought always to be made fifteen 

 days before planting, provided the soil is very dry. If carbon 

 disulphide has to be employed in the months of May and June, whilst 

 the white worm exercises its ravages in the upper layer of the soil, 

 Vaucher advises to spread a dose of 50 grammes per square metre, 

 in six to eight holes of 18-20 centimetres (7-8 inches) deep. Gelatine 

 capsules containing 2* grammes of sulphide render good service under 

 these conditions. It is necessary carefully to avoid working the soil 

 fifteen days at least both before and after the treatment. 



Eumolpus Vitis, F. (Ecrivain).. — Besides the very efficacious method 

 which consists in shaking the branches above a special funnel, carbon 

 disulphide, applied as in the case of the phylloxera, is capable of giving 

 good results. It is applied at the rate of 200 kil -^grammes per hectare. 

 This treatment has succeeded perfectly in Hungary (Dr. Howavt and 

 Sajo). Its use in France has been recommended b\- Dussuc and 

 Debray, in Germany by Taschenberg. 



Vesperus Xatarti. — Olivier recommends to destroy these insects 

 by treatment with carbon disulphide, applied in the months of 

 December and January. For that purpose, two or thret; holes are 

 made 25 centimetres (10 inches) from each stock, and into each hole 

 7 grammes {\ oz.) of carbon disulphide is poured. 



Enchlora Vitis (green vine beetle). — Marchal recommends carbon 

 disulphide as very efficacious in destroying the larva of this beetle. 



Pentodon jmnctatus (Pentodon ponctue). — Dussuc advises to de- 

 stroy the larva of this Coleoptera by carbon disulphide, and previously 

 to disinfect soils intended to receive grafted plants where this insect. 

 is very abundant. 



Lethrus cephalotus, Fb. (big-headed lethrus). — Carbon disulphide, 

 it appears, gives good results in the destri,iction of this Coleoptera ; 

 however, it is advisable to make weak injections, for these must be 

 done very near the stock, the insect being always found hidden in the 

 neighbourhood of the roots. 



Oryctes nasicornis, L. (rhinoceros). — Carbon disulphide gets rid of 

 them. 



Melolontha Fullo (fuller beetle) ; Bhizotrogus solsiitialis (St. John 

 beetle). — To destroy these insects in infested regions the sulphide 

 should be applied before planting. 



LarvcB of the Elaterides (wire worm). — A great number may be 

 destroyed in infested fields by laying down small pieces of apple as 

 bait, which as soon as invaded are collected. But complete destruc- 

 tion is only possible with carbon disulphide, which, in the different 

 tests made, has always given good results. Targioni Tozetti has used 

 the sulphide with a dose of 300-400 kilogrammes per hectare (264-352 

 lb. per acre), or even at a dose of 100 kilogrammes per hectare (88 lb. 



