826 INSECTICIDES, FUNGICIDES, AND WEED KILLEKS. 



its good effects when sprayed on and between the plants lo he pro- 

 tected. Ocie workman ti-eats a hectare {2h acres) in nine hours. 



Atomaria linearis, Steph. — This parasite is overcome in the same 

 way as the heet silph. 



Conc]i7jlis ambignella, Hubn. (cochylis of the vine). — Roy advises 

 to asphy.Kiate the caterpillars of this butterfly by dropping one to two 

 drops of colza oil in each of the silky nests. Muth describes the ex- 

 cellent results obtained against these caterpillars at the Oppenheim 

 School of "Viticulture by the use of olive, sesame, and colza oils. The 

 lantern traps in use in Switzerland, for trapping butterflies at night, 

 are surrounded with a plate which contains a bird-lime consisting 

 of white pitch 10 ib., linseed oil 5 lb., olive oil 6 lb., turps 5 lb. 

 Debray advises to bark the tree with the Sabate glove, and then to 

 coat them with oil extracted from sulphuretted colza oil cakes [? by 

 carbon disulphide]. It takes 1 litre of oil for twenty stocks. 



Caterpillars and Eggs of Lepidoptera. — Oils and their emulsions 

 with soapy water are, in general, of indisputable efficiency on caterpillars 

 and eggs, and are employed in many cases. Saunier recommends an 

 emulsion prepared in the following way : Dissolve 2 grammes of 

 carbonate of soda in 1 litre of water, and then add 30 grammes of 

 linseed oil ; stir until formation of a homogeneous emulsion. The 

 nests of the caterpillars are sprayed by a hand syringe or by a spraying 

 machine. The eggs deposited on the surface of the branches are de- 

 stroyed by coating with the pure oil. 



Formica (ants). — Oil emulsions are used to destroy ants : Oil 30 

 lb., carbonate of soda 5 lb., in 100 gallons of water, or better still, 

 olive oil alone. It is especially used to destroy the ants which climb 

 along the branches and trunks of trees (Taschenberg). 



Gryllotaljio, vulgaris (mole cricket). — Ratzeburg in 1847 advised 

 to inject oil into the tunnels of the mole cricket and to sprinkle with 

 water. Before the preparation of the beds, whilst the bed is bare, the 

 tunnel openings are inspected and a few drops of oil run into each, 

 then water from a water-can. 



Phylloxera vastatrix, Planch, (phylloxera of the vine). — Mouille- 

 fert has shown that colza, poppy, olive, and nut oils kill the phylloxera 

 by contact with the greatest of ease. Their use cannot, however, be 

 adopted on the large scale, as they kill the plant too readily. 



Pollier's process (1872) against phylloxera, which consisted in 

 coating the stems with an emulsion of whale oil and petroleum, did 

 not give satisfactory results. 



Apliides (green lice). — To kill the eggs of these green lice deposited 

 in lichens along the trunk or on the end of branches it suffices, accord- 

 ing to Taschenberg, to rub these spots with oil. 



Schizoneura lanigera, Hausm. (woolly aphis). — Oils are especially 

 used to destroy this aphis, as they easily penetrate its wool and 

 asphyxiate it. The oil should only be applied to small surfaces, nodes, 

 cankers, holes. Muhlberg advises to coat the cankers with fish oil, 

 with burning oil, or a mixture of burning oil and petroleum. Muhlers 

 advises to brush the hotbeds of infection with oil or fat, and to repeat 

 this treatment eveiy fifteen days. Cirbert advises to rub the infested 



