330 INSECTICIDES, FUNGICIDES, AND WEED KILLERS. 



beetle). — To destroy eggs of this insect deposited on the trunk of fruit 

 trees and branches a 25 per cent solution of soft soap is used in 

 Canada. 



Ori/ctes nasicornis, L. (rhinoceros). — To destroy larvae, water soil 

 around stem with 2-3 per cent solution of soft soap (Targioni-Tozzetti). 



Elaterides (wire-worms). — The larva! are killed by 2-3 per cent 

 solutions of soft soap. 



Phoeotribus Uminaris (Harris). — Attacks bark of peach-trees in 

 Canada. To overcome it use a soft soap solution to which the con- 

 sistency of a thick oil has been given by carbonate of soda in strong 

 solution (Fletcher). 



Silpha opaca (beet carrion beetle). — To overcome this insect 

 use a mixture of equal parts of amyl alcohol and soft soap, diluted to 

 produce 1-2 per cent solutions of soap, which must be sprayed on the 

 beets. 



Crioceris Asparagi (the asparagus beetle). — The larvae which live 

 on the surface of the leaves of the asparagus is killed by Nessler's 

 insecticide (formula 7) without injuring the plant. Sprayings, if need 

 be, are repeated in the summer. 



Pieris Rapce, L. (small white cabbage butterfly) ; Pieris Brassiccs 

 (large white cabbage butterfly). — Alvood advises to kill these cater- 

 pillars injurious to cabbage by spraying the cabbage wnth 6 per cent 

 solutions of soft soap. 



Gastropacha neustria (the lackey or barred tree lackey moth). — 

 The caterpillars which shelter at night in a nest of gauze, which they 

 spin, are dislodged by soap solutions and killed 'afterwards by various 

 methods. 



Conchylk ambignella, Hubn. (cochylis of the vine) ; Eudemis- 

 hotrana (tortrix of the grape). — Soft soap is an excellent product for 

 destroying the caterpillar of the cochylis. In 1896 a circular of the 

 Italian Minister of Agriculture recommends the use against cochylis 

 of pure soft soap solutions, say mixtures of soft soap and alcohol, or 

 of soft soap and benzene. A 3 per cent solution suffices (Del 

 Quercio) ; 2 per cent, according to Passerini. Uufour recommends 

 a soft soap solution, with which a little tobacco juice has been in- 

 corporated. In the laboratory this solution, concentrated to 10 per 

 cent, kills all caterpillars, but it is too strong to be used on the vine. 

 On the latter a solution stronger than 4-5 per cent of soap must not 

 be used. According to Petrobelli treatment with soft soap has, how- 

 ever, a deadly effect on the flowers and the grapes. When the 

 sprayings are abundant a coating forms on the grape, which ends by 

 burning the skin ; when there is little liquid a drop accumulates 

 at the lower part of each fruit, which, in concentrating, attacks the 

 skin, which tears at that spot. Petrobelli likewise accuses this in- 

 secticide of giving a bad taste to the wine. 



Hyponoineuta malinella, Zell. (small ermine moth of the apple). — 

 Nessler's insecticide is used to combat the caterpillar of this butterfly 

 hid in its silky nest. 



Grylldtalpa vulgaris, Latr. (mole cricket). — Corot kills the mole 

 cricket thus : Before tilling the soil it is well raked to render the 



