340 INSECTICIDES, FUNGICIDES, AND WEED KILLERS. 



thick layer of white lead ground in oil. Powdered sandstone is dusted 

 over this layer, and allowed to dry completely. A coat of tar is then 

 given and the props inserted. The wood is thus unattackable, and is 

 preserved for a long time. 



Bruchus Pisi (pea weevil). — Fleischer recommends to spread the 

 peas on a sieve and to distribute thereon an emulsion of 1 pint of tar 

 in 2^ gallons of water, and to stir the peas well. 



Otiorhynchus populeti (weevil injurious to the vine).— Balbiani's 

 mixture is recommended by Sajo to eradicate this weevil. 



Scolytus rugulosus, Koch. — Scolytus very injurious to apple-trees. 

 Bauer recommends to cover with tar the parts of the trunk infested. 



Anoxia villosa. — The larvae of this insect are injurious to the 

 Magnolia grandiflora. Camerlings obtains good results by excavating 

 a pit around these trees 32 inches wide by 10 inches deep, and 

 watering these pits with 30 litres (6-6 gallons) of an emulsion of 3 per 

 cent of " Pitteleine". The pits are filled with earth in twenty days. 



Galeruca calmariensis (galeruca of the elm). — The most simple 

 way to destroy these larvae is to seize the moment, at the end of July 

 or beginning of August, when the adult larvae descend along the trunk 

 to be converted into a grub in the soil. At this time a ring 4-8 inches 

 wide is painted round the trunk near the bottom. The larvie which 

 descend remain glued to this layer of tar. To destroy those which 

 have let themselves fall, and which are buried in the ground, the soil 

 round the tree is watered with gas liquor from the gas-works. 

 Kunckel recommends a bouillie made by making 5 lb. of tar and 1 lb. 

 of soft soap into a paste, and thinning this preparation with 9-4 gallons 

 of water. This bouillie is used to spread on the leaves. 



Haltica Oleracea (the garden altise, the altise of cruciferous i)lants). 

 — These altises entirely nibble the seedling turnips, cabbages, and rapes, 

 and other cruciferous seedlings, especially during hot and dry periods 

 when the fields are despoiled of their crops. At that time a very efficaci- 

 ous method consists in spreading dry wood sawdust steeped in tar. 

 The earth fleas are driven off by the smell of the tar ; 2 lb. of tar per 

 100 lb. of sawdust are used (Bouvier). 



Locusta (locusts). — To destroy these on the large scale a 5-10 

 per cent solution of rubinia is used (Petrobello). 



Pieris Brassicce (white cabbage butterfly). — ^The grubs are killed 

 by a 2 per cent solution of rubinia (Berlese). 



Ocneria dispar, L. (bombyx dispar, gipsy moth, zig-zag) ; Cnetho- 

 canijM processionea (processionary bombyx of the oak). — The eggs of 

 these bombyces are killed by tar ; a layer of tar is spread on the ag- 

 glomerations of the eggs. Debray advises to use a mixture of 4 gallons 

 of tar and 1 gallon of petroleum. Jacobi found the tar more effective 

 than the petroleum. To kill the caterpillars in their nests Sonnino 

 sprays with a 5 per cent solution. Pissot recommends to drench the 

 nests with a mixture of 10 parts of tar and 100 parts of w^ater. 

 Berlese finds it better to use an emulsion of 2 per cent of " Pitteleine ". 



Bomby.r pini (the pine-tree lappet moth). — Eatzeburg advises, so 

 as to glue them on their passage along the trunk, to draw a ring on 

 the bark at the right times, 52 inches from the ground and 6^-9-^ 



