842 INSKCTIC'IDES, FUXCiK'I DKS, AND WEED KILLERS. 



mends preventive treatment either with 1 per cent rubinia or with a 

 mixture of 2 per cent " rubinia" with sulphur. Spiaying should be 

 begun on 28 April. The number of eggs diminishes by the first treat- 

 ment. The eggs disappear after the second, which should take place 

 on 15 May ; the third treatment is given on 27 June, and the fourth 

 on 4 July. 



Tortrix vitana (p\ralisof the vine). — G. Basile proposes to coat 

 the vine after pruning with a mixture of 6 lb. of tar in 10 gallons of 

 purin. Scalding, however, gives better results. 



Hyloto7na Bosce (rose saw-fly). — To destroy, spray with 2 per cent 

 "rubinia," (p. 338) in fine weather, preferably at noon (Berlfese and 

 Girardi). 



Eurydevia ornatum. — To destroy, water the cabbage leaves with 

 tar-charged water. 



Schizoneura lanigera, Hausm (woolly aphis). — To destroy this aphis 

 Del Quercio, after pruning the trees and cleaning the nodosities, coats 

 the wounds with an emulsion of tar 3 lb., soft soap 5 lb., water 9'6 

 gallons. In summer an emulsion is used of carbonate of soda 5 lb., 

 wood tar 5 lb., water 10 gallons. Muhlberg found that )ectified 

 Eussian tar, and so to speak colourless, is an excellent medium to induce 

 the cicatrization of wounds formed by the woolly aphis. A tree treated 

 by an emulsion of soft soap and amyl alcohol, Nessler's formula, and 

 the wounds of which have been afterwards tarred, may be regarded as 

 cured. Tiele ranks tar amongst the insecticides who-e action is un- 

 deniable and decisive. 



Green Lice. — Berlese used with success a solution of "Eubinia," 

 1-5 per cent, against green lice ; according to Fleischer, it is only with 

 5 per cent that a deadly action makes itself felt, but at this strength 

 it is dangerous to the plant. 



Phylloxera rastatrix, Planch, (phylloxera of the vine). — Mouille- 

 fert showed that tar vapours have little insecticide action on the 

 phylloxera. Used in holes dug round a phylloxera-infected stock, 

 tar had no action. However, by increasing the dose and getting nearer 

 the roots so that the tar could act directly and completely drench the 

 soil, it was found to have an appreciable though incomplete effect. 

 Tar may be used to destroy the winter egg deposited by this louse on 

 the aerial parts of the plant. Balbiani recommends for this purpose 

 his mixture of tar, naphthalene, and lime, iised as a coating. 



Coccides (cochineal, kermes). — Tar is used sometimes such as it is 

 to destroy cochineals. A thin layer of tar bouillie is spread with 

 a brush on all the trunks. Sajo found that it was tar, especially rich 

 in anthracene, which had a specific action on kermes, chiefly the 

 Mytilaspis j^omornm, Bouch6. This tar is, however, more injurious to 

 the apple than ordinary coal tar. Del Quercio recommends a soapy 

 bouillie consisting of tar 10 lb., soft soap 2 lb., water 8-8 gallons. It 

 is used in winter spraying. After flowering, and during summer, an 

 emulsion must be used of soft soap 30 lb., tar 10 lb., petroleum 

 2 gallons, in 100 gallons of water, and prepared by mixing 20 lb. of soft 

 soap and 10 lb. of tar on the one hand, and emulsifying, on the other 

 hand, 2 gallons of petroleum and 10 lb. of soft soap in 97 gallons of 

 water, and in mixing the two solutions. This latter treatment is re- 



