CHAPTEE XXII. 



CARL50N COMPOUNDS (coyi^/mf^r/)— TERPENES-OLEO RESINS— GALI- 

 POT— TURPENTINE— ROSIN— ROSIN SOAPS— ROSIN EMULSIONS— 

 METALLIC ROSINATES— COPPER ROSIN ATE— CAMPHOR. 



Terpenes. — Terpenes are met with in many essences and bal- 

 sams of which the}^ form the liquid part. The different pines and 

 •spruces, the junipers and plants of the family of terebinthaceae, segre- 

 gate them in the vacuoles of their liber. 



128. Turpentine. — Turpentine is the resinous sap ^ {sue resinetix) 

 which flows from incisions jnade on trees of the conifer family and 

 terebinth family. The name of galipot is given to the partially solidified 

 resin which forms long tangles along the bark. These resinous saps 

 [oleo resins is the better term] are very complex mixtures. The crude 

 matter distilled either directly or in a curreut of steam furnishes about 

 15 per cent spirits of turpentine ; the residue forms rosin of a very 

 complex nature. [The chemical technology of rosin is fully described 

 in Mcintosh's "Varnishes," Vol. III., Scott, Greenw^ood & Son, and the 

 maker of insecticide emulsions should consult that section of the 

 book, which deals with rosin and tuips, with profit. — (Tr.).] 



In the air terebinthene (piuene), which is the carbide of hydrogen 

 (terpene) of spirits of turpentine, liecomes viscous and resinifies ; first 

 the oxygen combines in an unstable way with the terelnnthene (pinene), 

 which under these conditions acquires oxidizing properties similar to 

 •ozone, and thus antiseptic and disinfectant. Turpentine and rosin are 

 insoluble in water, but they contain saponifiable principles which have 

 led to the manufacture of lesinous soaps greatly employed in abori- 

 ■culture. 



Action on Plants. — The different principles of turpentine are 

 injurious to plants. Spirits of turpentine {ti(r])s) 2-5 fluid oz. per 6^ 

 gallons bulk of soil is already very poisonous to plants, especially the 

 vine. The aerial organs touched by spirits of turpentine emulsions 

 are damaged, and the spraying of the trunk of vines causes burns. 

 Turps appears more dangerous to the plant than petroleum ; resins are 

 more poisonous than tar. 



Action on Insects. ^ — The products contained in turpentine have 

 a very pronounced destructive action on insects. Turpentine | ? turps or 

 ■oleo resin] spi'ead on the agglomeration of eggs of Ocneria dispar 

 (gipsy moth) acts as efliciently as tar (Eobbes, Sajo). 



Use. — Spirits of Turpentine (turps). — Turps is never used alone 



1 Turpentine is not the sap or juice of the tree. It is hh oleo-resinous exudation 

 ■and bears a somewhat similar relation to true sap as sweat does to the blood. 

 Spirits of turpentine is often but most erroneously designated as " turpentine," a 

 term to which it is no more entitled than starch is to being termed wheat or 

 potatoes. — Tp. 



(348) 



