ROSIN SOAPS. 349 



if it be not to destroy tiie agglomeration of eggs of certain butterflies 

 {Ocneria dis}Mr, gipsy moth). It is used in emulsion with water or 

 soap solution, most often with carbon disulphide, milk, or tar. 



Conchylis ambignella, Hubn. (cochylis of the vine). — In Dufour's 

 insecticide turps replaces pyrethra powder, which is difficult to procure 

 fresh. Dufour dissolves 30 lb. of soft soap in hot water, adds cold 

 water to make 100 gallons, and incorporates 2 gallons of turps in this 

 soap solution, then emulsifies the whole with a spraying machine. It 

 is necessary to use 13-2-35-2 gallons per acre. 



Schizoneura lamgera, Hausm. (woolly aphis). — A mixture contain- 

 ing turpentine [oleo resin] has been elaborated by Goldi, and is in 

 common use against the woolly aphis. This mixture has the following 

 composition : Fresh milk 60 per cent, turpentine [oleo resin] dissolved 

 in turps 20 per cent, carbon disulphide 20 per cent. In a stoppered 

 bottle this mixture keeps a long time. The aerial colonies are coated 

 with a brush. To disinfect roots, the following mixture must be used : 

 Milk 60 per cent, turpentine 30 per cent, carbon disulphide 10 per cent. 



Grafting Wax. — To cover the wounds after destroying the insect 

 grafting wax is recommended (rule in force in the Canton of Argovy in 

 Switzerland), consisting of Venice turpentine 65 per cent, turps 20 per 

 cent, ochre 20 per cent, or 75 per cent of turps and 25 per cent of tar. 



Phylloxera vastatrix, PI. (phylloxera of the vine). — Mouillefert 

 examined the action of turps on the phylloxera, and found that it was 

 very pronounced. If it perfectly destroyed the phylloxera, on vine 

 roots planted in pots, it was not the same on the large scale. By 

 treating the stocks with 400 cubic centimetres of turps emulsified with 

 water, and sprinkling afterwards with water, and bringing the earth 

 back around the stripped stocks, this product has proved powerless to 

 destroy the insect in the lower reaches of the soil. The coating of the 

 trunk and the roots of the phylloxera-infected vine with 50-100 

 cubic centimetres of turps (Sans process, 1872) has given no favour- 

 able result. 



Cochineal. — Hoffmann recommends to render soapy emulsions 

 more energetic against cochineals to add carbon disulphide or turpen- 

 tine (? turps). An emulsion of 2 per cent soft soap and 2-3 per cent of 

 turpentine (? turps) gives excellent results. 



Moles. — To drive away moles, it suffices to pour water in their 

 burrows, and to lower a cup containing a mixture of petroleum and 

 turpentine. 



129. Pine and Spruce Resin [? Bosin]. — These are used in : (1) 

 Soap emulsions ; (2) the preparation of coatings and bird-limes ; (3) in 

 cupric bouillies to render ihem more adherent. The resins [? rosins] 

 are used as such or saponified. 



(1) Saponified Resins [rosin soaps]. — Preparation. — Several 

 methods are used in America ^ : — ■ 



1 These formulas are given in the original French edition of this treatise in 

 metric weights and measures. But the author like every other author who quotes 

 American formulae seems to forget that an American gallon is only five-sixths of an 

 Imperial gallon. In America the pound is not the tenth part of a gallon but three- 

 twenty-fitths. Had the author made allowance for the American gallon it would 

 have been impossible for him to have got the French quantities in such round 

 numbers to the litre. 



