BIED-LIMES. 351 



fluoridensis, Dactylojnus Citri, Aphis gossypii, Glover ; Lecaninm Olcce, 

 Icerya jmrchasi, Aleyrodes Citri. Gossard used with great success an 

 emulsion of ground rosin 16 lb., caustic soda, 98 per cent, 3"4 lb., fish 

 oil 2^ gallons, water 100 gallons, applied in winter when the cochineals 

 are in the larva state. Marlatt recommends to destroy Aspidiotus 

 Aiirantii, Mask, Aspidiotus citrinus, Coq., the summer bouillie' 

 formula No. 2 A. A bouillie four times stronger kills 85 per cent of 

 Aspidiotus perniciosus, Comst. (San Jose louse), Phorodon Humnli 

 (hop aphis). It does not stand spraying with a solution of rosin soap, 

 formula 5. 



Phylloxera vastatrix, Planch, (phylloxera of the vine). — Koebele's 

 trials were a failure. Emulsions do not penetrate the soil sufficiently 

 and do not reach all the phylloxeras. Only the insects touched die. 



Aspidiotus uvce, Comst., on vine. — Galloway's bouillie No. 3 is 

 recommended for its destruction. 



Tetranychus telarius (red spider). — Bouillie No. 3, diluted with 

 3-4 parts of water, is recommended to destroy it. 



(2) Compositions and Bird-limes {Enduits etglus). — Formulae for 

 preparing coating compositions : 1. 200 oz. spruce resin {resine de 

 sapin, ? Burgundy pitch) are heated over a gentle fire until fused, then 

 5 oz. of linseed oil and 10 oz. of honey added ; when the mixture is 

 homogeneous it is removed from the fire, cooled, and 28 oz. (wt.) of 

 90 per cent alcohol added. This coating should be kept out of con- 

 tact with air ; it is used cold (Lucas). 



2. 500 oz. of spruce resin are fused and dissolved in 75 oz. (wt.) 

 of 90 per cent alcohol ; 4 oz. of gum-arabic dissolved in very little water 

 are added, and 20 oz. of carbonate of soda. 



3. Melt together equal parts of rosin, wax, and turpentine. This 

 composition is applied hot (Sorauer). 



Bird-limes are made as follows: 1. Heat together and reduce to 

 two-thii-ds of the original volume 2^ lb. of colza oil and -^ lb. lard, then 

 add whilst stirring 4 lb. of turpentine and ^ lb. of rosin. The con- 

 sistency should be syrupy ; if it be too fluid the heating is to be con- 

 tinued, if it be too thick more oil is added. This bird-lime remains 

 sticky for three months. 



2. Heat together 5 oz. of rosin, 4 oz. of stearine, and 4 oz. of lard. 



3. Heat together 5 oz. of rosin, 2 oz. of lard, and then add 1 oz. 

 of turpentine, and then 2 oz. of stearine ; boil to a suitable consistency. 



4. Heat with care 7 lb. of wood tar with 5 lb. of rosin ; when the 

 whole is fused add 5 lb. of soft soa,p, then 3 lb. of cod oil ; remove 

 from the fire and stir till cold. 



Use. — Cold coating compositions {Enduits) are used to protect 

 young buds from insects. Sorauer advises to cover them with a thin 

 layer which, whilst it drives off insects, does not prevent the normal 

 evolution of the bud. It is an effective protection against Tortricides, 

 Tineides, as well as against weevils : Otiorhynchus, Magdalis, Peritelus, 

 and others. To prepare a very thin coating Henschel recommends to 

 dilute it previously with alcohol. Cold or hot coatings are used with 

 success to cover the wounds of trees. 



Bird-limes have found a current use in replacing tar rings. Eings 



