LYSOL. 363 



mends it as an insecticidal manure. The soot is spread on the field, 

 ploughed in, and crop sown eight to ten days later. 



Sitone^ lineatus (striped pea weevil). — It is driven otf by spreading 

 soot on the pea and haricot borders. 



Ocneria dispar, L. (gipsy moth). — The mass of eggs of this butter- 

 fly are destroyed in America by the following mixture : Creosote 50 

 per cent, carbolic acid 20 per cent, tar oil 10 per cent, turps 20 per 

 cent, the latter being chiefly used to dilute the creosote. This method 

 is infallible. Experiments in America on 220 miles of land, by apply- 

 ing creosote on the eggs of this butterfly, followed by spraying with 

 arseniate of lead on caterpillars freshly hatched, have been crowned 

 with complete success, and have exterminated this formidable butter- 



fly- 



Abraxas grossulariata, L. (magpie moth). — In America soot is used 

 to destroy ihe caterpillars of the magpie moth. They pass the winter 

 under the dry leaves undei'neath the gooseberry bushes. These leaves 

 are removed and the soil round the shrubs covered with soot. 



Agromiza nli/ripes (fly injurious to lucerne).— Debray recom- 

 mends to spread soot on lucerne plants to drive off the female about 

 to lay. 



Aphrophora spianaria, L. (grasshopper family). — Debray advises 

 to destroy the larvae in lucerne fields to cut the crop early and to 

 spread soot on the field. 



ScJiizoneitra lanigera, Hausm. (woolly aphis). — Landry advises the 

 use of the following mixture : Sulphur \ lb., soot 5 lb., tobacco juice 3^ 

 lb., water 5 gallons. Apply by brush on nodes and fissures infested 

 by the lice. 



Phylloxera vastatrix. — Mouillefert remarked the antiphylloxeric 

 properties of creosote, but it does not act on the soil at a great distance, 

 which renders its action uncertain and incomplete ; besides the toxic 

 dose for this louse kills the vine which it should protect. Lustner 

 made experiments to determine if cresols communicate their odour to 

 the vine, and he concluded affirmatively. Wherever cresols were used 

 to replace petroleum in the disinfection of the vine against the phyl- 

 loxera, he found that the gi-apes possessed the taste of cresols within 

 a radius of 17 metres around the stock treated, a taste which is com- 

 municated to the wine in a very marked manner. 



Cochineals. — Hering recommends to destroy these' parasites by 

 coating the trunks of the trees in November with pure carbolineum. 

 This treatment does not damage the bark, but the eyes and the buds 

 touched are destroyed. Graf Woistein concludes, from numerous 

 experiments, that all trees coated with pure carbolineum were freed 

 from all parasites, animal and vegetable, including cossus, scolytes, and 

 woolly aphis. The gum of cherry-trees disappears'rapidly if the treat- 

 ment is repeated. Spraying with 2, 3, 8, 10 per cent solutions have 

 no effect except when the solutions are concentrated. Spring 2 per 

 cent sprayings have no effect. 



138. "Lysols." — Preparation. — The preparation of Damman 

 " lysols " consists essentially in mixing in fixed proportions coal-tar oils 

 containing phenol and its homologues, with an oil such as linseed oil 



