POTASSIUM DINITRO-CRESYLATE. 367 



tected by gauze, such as the Hyjjonomeuta of the apple-tree, Lyda 

 Nemoralis, cochylis, etc. Barbut, using a 10 per cent solution, could 

 only destroy 20 per cent of the caterpillars of the cochylis and 26 per 

 cent of the caterpillars of the pyralis. 



Cheimatobia bruviata (winter moth, Evesham moth). — Kraft ad- 

 vises " lysol " as a very effective medium to overcome this butterfly. 



Eurydema oleraceum, L. (kitchen garden bug). — Lampa reports 

 that after ten minutes these bugs are destroyed it the cabbages and 

 beets are sprayed with a 2-4 per cent solution of "lysol ". 



Naked Plant-Lice. — Rossel recommends a 0-75 per cent solution 

 to destroy the rose aphis, a 1 per cent solution to destroy that of the 

 pear-tree and of the peach-tree. Kraf asserts that a 1 per cent solu- 

 tion kills all naked lice. Fleischer found that a 0-25 per cent solution 

 even killed lice in tightly packed colonies. On the other hand, Otto 

 commissioned by the " Lysol " factory itself to report on the efficiency 

 of its product, reports the inefficiency of 0-25-0-5 per cent solutions on 

 lice at the same time as their injurious action on the plants. How- 

 ever, the lice die in twenty-four hours when touched by a 2 per cent 

 solution. 



Schizoneura lanigera, Hausm. (woolly aphis). — "Lysol" destroys 

 the woolly aphis, but, as Schoyen asserts, it is inferior to petroleum 

 emulsions. Whilst Hotter regards its action as doubtful, Eossel found 

 a 1 per cent solution perfect. Fleischer regards "lysol" as active at 

 0-5 ; at 1 per cent it destroys tightly packed agglomerations. 



Cochineals. — Hertzog recommends 2 per cent " lysol " against the 

 kermes of the rose laurel. Frank and Kruger assert that "lysol" 

 solutions cannot kill cochineals. 



Tetranychus telarius (red spider). — This acarus may be got rid 

 of by repeated spraying with 0-25-0-6 per cent solutions (Eathay and 

 Mussat). The browning of the leaves of the vine is overcome by 

 spraying with 1 per cent solution of " lysol ". The acari of the genus 

 Eriojjhyes vitis especially attack the young shoots in the spring 

 which become atrophied. Muller recommends to cut the young 

 shoots, destroy them, and coat the whole stem with 2 per cent " lysol ". 

 TJirijJs does not resist any better. 



/NO., 



139. Potassium Dinitrocresy late, C^H^^c^Qj^'. Preparation. 



— Potassium dinitrocresylate is used in Germany for the prepara- 

 tion of a powerful insecticide known as antinonnine, because it is 

 intended to destroy the caterpillar of the LijKiris monaca [the black arch- 

 moth which attacks pines], called Nonne in Germany and in France. 

 Potassium dinitrocresylate is probably the crude product of the nitra- 

 tion of sulpho-conjugated cresylol or xylene by the action of fuming 

 nitric acid. Dinitrocresol is converted into a potash salt, soluble in 

 water by potash lye. 



Properties. — Antinonnine, discovered by Harz and Von Miller, is a 

 mixture of equal parts of dinitrocresylate of potash and soap. It 

 forms a white crystalline paste soluble in water. 



