884 



INSECTICIDES, FUNGICIDES, AND WEED KILLERS. 



AgkOTIS (Noctda).— Tlie different species 

 injurious to crops have the same habits as 

 Aijriitis scf/efuiii, the coniiuou dart moth. 

 Tlie caterpillars are polypliagous, make their 

 ravages at night and hibernate. 



AOKOTIS EXCLAMATIONIS. XoctlUt Kc- 



1-1(1 iindiim is. — The hart and dart moth. 

 Dark lilac caterpillar, three bright longi- 

 tudinal lines, liabits of grey-worm. The 

 caterpillar gnaws the neck of roots and 

 kitchen garden plants, turnips, asjjaragus ; 

 in spring it is particularly injurious to vines, 

 the buds of which it gnaws. 



AciROTis SEGETU.M, the conuuoii dart moth. 

 — Thelinlt.-||i..s,i|i])earin the middle of May. 

 They lay in ■liinc. •Inly, and August on all 

 low"pl:iiits, .hirlly lieets, at the level of the 

 collar ; two weeks after laying they are 

 hatched. The grubs or grey-worm are typi- 

 cal : dark earthy green, two yellowish lines 

 on each riii.LC, f.nir small lplarl;'s)i()ts, length 5 

 centime! I1-: (2 iin'lics). Tlic\ muh' their de- 

 predtilimis 1,1 tin' ,n;ihl^ ,111. 1 ri-nia,in dnse to 

 the (jriniiiil (Inriinj Ihr ilnii : tliry pass the 

 winter in tin- -imuikI wlin-r iln-y hury them- 

 selves deeply lil^l• lln- whitc-wnriii ; they 

 awaken in the siiriiijj and ri-.tiniiii'iicc tlirir 

 attacks up to May-. Tliis is \\\r xww ilny ;iic 

 most to lie dreaded. Winter Lorain ern])-, all 

 young spring plantings, and r\.ii the hmN nf 

 fruit trees sutler. They are esj,,-! i;ill\ in- 

 jurious to beets, of which tlie\ .le\..iiv lii-st 

 the young leaves of the collar tJien tlie collar 

 and the roots (188.5 invasion). They also in- 

 jure potatoes and vines. They turn into 

 chrysalis in the beginning of summer. 



Agrotts Tritici. Noctna of Wheat.— 

 See A (/rot is si'f/i>t)')ii. Similar caterpillar 

 also called (irry-v-irnri. It appears in July at 

 the time the wheat plants are in ear and 

 devours them the whole summer. It not 

 only gnaws the collar of tlie stems but also 

 attacks the seeds. It passes the winter in 

 the soil and reeoiiiniences its nocturnal de- 

 predati'ins in the spring. 



Al.TEKNAklA iJUASSICiE F. NiORESCENS. 

 Rimstinn ((irilliiuj) ,<f the le,(res „/ the 

 iiiel(r/i. — In the months of August and Sep- 

 tember when great heats are followed by rains 

 the leaves of the melon an' seen to dry up 

 and brown. The fungus develops rapidly 

 on the leaves with snia.ll yell.iw spnts ; as they 

 get larger tla-se s|iot.,.n,'i in M.- ni.ai n s|iotS 



which e.,\er llie whole le.ll. The niWelium 



spreads into Ihe p.ireiiehyina of the ieat a.nd 

 spreads its conidiophores on the laces of the 

 latter. 



Alternaria Solani. Maerospirrium So- 

 kmi (potato leaf-curl). ^Peculiar disease of 

 the potato, characterized by the appearance 

 of isolated spots of a brown colour lirighter 

 than those produced by the I'hyldphthora 

 itifestuHS ; the leaves turn yellow at the 

 .same time. The tubers are not directly at- 

 tacked but the exhaustion of the organs of 

 the plant may reduce the crop. The organs 

 of fructitication are conidiophores which 

 issue in tufts through the dried epidermis 

 of the leaves. The detached spores germin- 

 ate easily and readily spread the disease. 



The AUerii((ria Si/((i(i which causes damage 

 more especially in Hungary is called Macm- 

 spariiiiii Sniitfii l)v the Americans. 



Al/nSES. Hdlliriiinr^ Kitrth fiens, I'hdtt 

 /er^^•.— Small chrysomelines whieh are , ■ailed 

 earth tleas owing to iheir iaenli\ ot jninping. 

 In spite of their small ^i/,-, which does not 

 exceed 3-6 millimetres in length, alt ises are 

 dangerous enemies to cro])s because they ap- 

 pear in great numbers. They have several 

 generations each year, the larvai of which, as 

 well as the [lerfect insects, ravage the leaves 

 and the young buds. They are especially 

 deadly to young crop.s. 



Altise (kit.eiieii u'anlen). Ihillin, (,ler- 

 aceu, .\/tisr nj- III,' r■,•//o7;r.^.-- Length 4-5 

 millimetres, o\al shape, sliLchtly bnmli shajw ; 

 its colour is a brilliant bluish-green. This 

 altise attacks crucifers, cabbage, turnips, 

 beets, the Howers and leaves of which it 

 devours ; it causes great havoc in gardens. 



Altise ok the Vine. Haltim ampelo- 

 phagn (vine Hea), I'ltrerotte, lUhotte.—^m&W 

 gl-eeiiish-lihn- insect,. "iniilliniefre.s. Itonlyre- 

 quire^ -^ix Week, to re.ich its lull development. 

 It a,|.|.c,n-s on the lir.t line weather. The 

 female |,,\, it^e-.jsat t he end of April on the 

 under -ui-t.iccoi the h-.-it. the larvaj appear ten 

 d:i\s .iltiTwiiid-, ; tliiw Inirrow long gl'OOVes- 

 into llu' paicnchMi,,, :' in ten , lavs thev reach 

 full size, let Ihenisclve-, drop on thes.iiland 

 there bury tlicniM-he- to the depth of 2 

 inches; two weeks afterwards the perfect 

 insects api)ear. The alti.ses of the vine 

 cause great havoc especially in Algeria ; they 

 gnaw the back of the leaves and the vine 

 shoots. The last generation passes the wdnter 

 protected from the cold under the bark, in 

 the fissures of the walls, etc., and issue from 

 these refuges in the spring. 



Aldcite. Sitotrarin rerealella. — Butterfly 

 (tinea) of 6 millimetres in length, greyish- 

 yellow, with long tilifonn antemne. The 

 Alucite has two generation, in a >eason, the 

 first a little before harvest, the >ecoud in 

 autumn in the granaries. The lemale lays 

 red eggs in the depression of the gi'ain of 

 wheat ; before harvest the caterpillars pene- 

 trate into the interior of the grain stored in 

 the gi'anary where they finish their develop- 

 ment ; they gnaw the whole interior and 

 only respect the epidernus. After having 

 emptied the inside of the grain they there 

 weave a cocoon and are converted into chry- 

 ,salis. The tem))erature of the heap of wheat 

 att;.ckc,| increases 10° C. ( 180 F.°). 



Am;i \\\ c, I'|,.<.SM()DI01'H0RaBRASSIC.K. 



ANiiiii.rri ihk.k (eel-worms), .see Nema- 

 todes. 



Anobium. Xylo2}littgonscolenptera, which 

 cause ravages in our houses, and in food- 

 warehouses. They bore round holes into 

 the wood which seem bored with a gimlet. 

 The vrillettis have a cylindrical body, and 

 are of a dark brown colour. 



Anobiu.m Panicum, 2A millimetres in 

 length ; it does not live solely in flour or in 

 bread ; it shows itself injurious to wood, 

 to V)ooks, to dried fruits, to roots, to grain. 



Anthomyia ofthe Cabbage. .1 nthomyia 



