GLOSSARY. 



387 



chrysorrhe'i (Vjrown-taileil moth).— Buttertiy, 

 30 millimetres (1*2 inch) from tip to tip. 

 Wings white, as also tlie whole body, except 

 the posterior extremity of the abilomen, 

 which is lirown. The female lays its eggs 

 oil the upper surface of the leaves, or on the 

 brandies of the trees, in agglomerateil heajis 

 covered with the brown hairs of the ab- 

 domen of the female, whijh gives them the 

 appearance of minute sponges. The eggs 

 hatcli towards the end of summer ; in autumn 

 the caterpillars spin a common nest on a 

 branch ami there pass the winter dormant. 

 In the spring they issue from this refuge, 

 and commence their serious depradations by 

 eating the young buds. They are brown 

 •with two reil dorsal stripes and two white 

 lateral spots. Injurious to fruit trees. 



BOMBYX DISPAR, LiP.VRIS DISPAR, Oc- 



NERi.v Disp.vR (gipsy moth). — Great differ- 

 ence between the two saxes— the male has 

 greyish-brown wings 3 centimetres, tlie 

 female has yellowish-white wings 5 centi- 

 m'itres ; the two are mari<ed by zigzag lines. 

 The female lays 500 eggs and covers them 

 witli a felt formed from the long brown 

 hairs of its abdomen, the whole resembling a 

 small sponge. The eggs pass the winter, 

 the caterpillars hatch in the beginning of 

 May ; they are blackisli with blue and red 

 tubers ; they live together, are polyphagous, 

 and attach themselves, therefore, to a great 

 number of trees — forest trees as well as fruit 

 trees. In the Uniteii States they form a 

 real plague, lioinbyx dlspitr was introiluced 

 into America by a eollec;tor, where, deprived 

 of its parasites and its natural enemies 

 wliich decimate it in Europe, it lias multi- 

 plied in such a ilisquieting fashion that a 

 prize of '2.5,000 dollars was instituted to 

 recompense whoever found an efficient remedy 

 to cause its destruction. 



BOMBY-K MOXACA, Ltparts mdnaca (black 

 arch moth).— Resemlili's the Umiiln/.r (/is/>/ir. 

 The female lays its eggs at tlie md of .luly 

 in small heaps of 20-.50, foniiing plates wliich 

 are never covered with hair. Tiiey are hidden 

 in the cracks of the bark near the ground, 

 they pass the winter. Hatching occur.s at 

 the end of April ; the caterpillars remain 

 together five to six days forming what are 

 called mirrors ; they gnaw pine needles. 

 They cause great depredations in pine woods, 

 they also attack the spruce, the oak, the 

 heech, the apple-tree. Its invasions some- 

 times become a public danger. 



BOMBY.X XEUSTRIA (the lackey or barred 

 tree lackey moth).— ButterKy of 30 milli- 

 metres from tip to tip; reddish, the upper 

 wings are crossed liy two whitish lines. It 

 appears in July ; the female lays regularly 

 around a branch, and, by help of a fixing, 

 coat 400 eggs which form a Isracelet. 

 These egss pass the winter ; the caterpillars 

 live together in spun nests. When adult 

 they are 4i centimetres in length, a brown 

 with a white dorsal stripe down tlie middle, 

 and on each side red and blue longituiUnal 

 lines, hence its French name of livree. In- 

 jurious to almost all trees. 



BoMBYX PiN'i, Lasiocampa pini (pine-tree 

 lappet moth). — -Butterfly from 5-6 centi- 

 metres from tip to tip, maroon colour. On 

 the upper wings a large dun-coloured middle 

 band and a small spot in the form of a half 

 moon. It shows itself in July. The female 

 lays on the trunks of the Pinus si/lvestris 

 (Scots fir) in masses of 50 eggs which hatch 

 about the middle of August. In the be- 

 ginning of winter, in October or Decemljer, 

 the caterpillars descend the trees to pass the 

 winter dormant under the moss and the 

 dead leaves. In the spring, in March or 

 April, they re-ascend and attaclc the young 

 shoots, frequently causing the death of the 

 trees. Invasion in 1894 of the pine woods of 

 the departments of Marne and Aube. 



BOMBYX PROCESSIONEA, CnETHOCAMPA 



PROCESSIONEA.— Butterrty of 3 centimetres, 

 greyish, uniform with dark sinuous bauds 

 on the wings ; it flies in August and Sep- 

 tember, lays its eggs in packets of 200 on 

 the bark of oaks and covers them with hair ; 

 the eggs pass tlie winter. The caterpillars 

 pass all their existence together ; they are 

 bluish-grey with reddish tuViers whence tufts 

 of hair spring. The nests in wliich they 

 shelter each night have only one orifice. 



BnsTRiCHUs [Borers]. — Small coleoptera 

 belonging to the family of the Scolytides, 

 distinguished by their cylindrical anil bomb- 

 shapsd body, by their thick head drawn back 

 into the thorax. They prefer to attack sickly 

 trees, piercing the bark, then digging into its 

 thickness a burrow in which the females lay 

 their eggs ; in six days the eggs are hatched ; 

 the larvae dig winding burrows perpendicular 

 to the chief burrow. The caterpillars are 

 metamorphosed there. The insects perforate 

 the bark and fly away. 



BosTRiOHDS T7P0GRAPHICUS.— The typo- 

 grapher bark beetle. It only attacks spruce 

 trees ; its presence is indicated by pale foliage 

 of a (lull tint, by a dark grey V)ark, by the 

 fall of the needles at the least shake, and by 

 a worm mould of havanna brown, after the 

 aspi'Titii's (if ilii' liark. 



B(iri:\Tis I iNKREA (grey rot of the vine). 

 Vitii' Si-lcnitiiiiii, >'clerotinia Furkeliuna, De 

 Bary. — In a humid and warmi medium this 

 fungus, generally saphrophytic, attaches it- 

 self t) the leaves and the young Inids of the 

 vine ; the young bunches of grapes may, like- 

 wise, be invaded at the time of flowering ; but 

 it is chiefly when the grapes are half-grown 

 that the pa ked and compact grapes are at- 

 tacked and destroyed by this fungus. The 

 grapes attacked first assume a dirty tint, their 

 surface tarnishes, they wither and become 

 covered with a velvety grey which character- 

 izes this disease. The favourable efl'ect exer- 

 cised by this mould on the quality of the 

 white wines of Sauterne earnerl for it the 

 name of Pourriture noble, (noble rot), but 

 this rot threatens to become a real plague 

 since it invaded numerous vineyards and 

 destroyed the crop. When the Batrytis 

 develops only on ripe grapes it causes no 

 damage, it is only then that it improves the 

 <iuality of the wort. The green mould does 



