89-2 INSECTICIDES, FUNGICIDES, AND WEED KILLERS. 



cockchafer of the vine).— The female of this 

 foleoptera hiys al)out tliirty eggs in the soil 

 round the stem ; the larvae appear in the lie- 

 ginniug of tlie month of August. They 

 luueli ri-<i-mlili' tlinsc of tlie roi'kchafer anil 

 do th.- -:iiiir (laiiiMu'c til tlic vines as the cock- 

 ohaf.-v(wlutr.wHr,n), (I'^vA/ro-r). 



Entu.mosckli.s auonidis. — The perfect in- 

 -sect and its larviB gnaw the leaves of radishes 

 and cabbages in Canada. 



Epil.vchna or.OBOSA. CiHxuiella c/iubusa. 

 —The larvie of this coleoptera riddles the 

 leaves of trefoil, lucerne, and potato. 



Erinoses. I'lij/toptitlfs (gall mites). — 

 The irritation caused liy the bite of certain 

 Jicari, the Phytoptes, cause alterations in the 

 epidermal cells of the leaves which elongate 

 under the form of hairs and form a felt, 

 j^enerally in the lower part of the leaves, 

 which may be white, yellow, rose, or rust 

 colour. This felt acts as slielter to the acari. 

 When these attark the slinots and the buds, 

 they are atropliied with formation of galls 

 bristling with prickles. These diseases are 

 wiilespreatl. 



Erinosis ok Apple-Tree and Peau- 

 Thee. Erinium Maliimm et Pirinum.^ 

 Felting of under part of leaves, passing from 

 yellow and rose to rust colour. 



Erinosis ov the Gooseberry. Phytoptus 

 Ribis. — This acarus sucks gooseberry buds 

 and leaves ; the branches never develop and 

 form packed bunches of leaves. 



Erinosis of the Vine (Grise de la Vigne). 

 Phytojjhis Vitis, Erio/i/ii/i's Vitis. — ^ Leaves 

 attacked by tliis Pliytojjtus sliow irregular- 

 shaped swellings on the iijiiki- suif.nf, and 

 are coated on the under surla-r with dnwii. 

 White at first, the down bcimins ird, thru 

 brown, as it ages. This down, wliich cannot 

 be detached by rubbing with the tinger, some- 

 times covers tlie whole of the under surface 

 of the leaves. The upper sm-la<'i' nf tlie h^af 

 always remains green. Thesr l'li\ tn|)|rs pa^s 

 the winter in the s-ales of tlic Imi^N. 'I'his 

 disease causes serious trouble, especially winn 

 it attacks the young seedlings which require 

 complete development of their leaves to form 

 their roots. 



Eriocampa adumbrata. Selandrid atnt 

 (the slug-worm or slimy caterpillar). — -Saw- 

 tiy, of a brilliant black with a transversal 

 brown Ijand on the upper wings. It measures 

 h millimetres in length and appears in the 

 end of July. The female lays its eggs on 

 the under surface of the leaves. The larvae 

 are first of a blackish-green, then of an 

 amber-yellow and covered with a viscous 

 substance : it vaguely resembles a small snail, 

 hence tlie name slug-worm. They devour 

 the parenchyma of the cherry-tree, the pear- 

 tree, the plum-tree, and the apricot-tree. 

 The leaves are reduced to the state of lace ; 

 growth sutTers and the growth of the fruits 

 is stopped. Nymphosis takes place in the 

 soil. 



Eriophyes PIBI. Phyt02)tus Piri (rust 

 of the pear-tree, Cloque du Poirier). — This 

 disease is produced by an acarus which 

 jilwells in the parencliyma of the leaf and 



circulates between the two epidermes. The 

 irritation of its bites causes the formation ot 

 pustules, the red tint of whicli on the young 

 le^xves becomes brown and even black in a 

 few weeks. On the lower surface of the leaf 

 the epidermis is pierced with small holes 

 which allow access of air and of insecticides. 



Ekysiphes. J//A/«'('-.s. -Mililews form on 

 the leaves and on the young jiarts of the plants 

 pow<lerish, whitish spots. Tile mycelium of 

 the mildew is always superficial, it crawls on 

 the surface of the epidermis without pene- 

 trating into the interior of the organs. It 

 sinks its suckers in the epidermis. Mihlews 

 produce not only conidia, but also peritheca 

 which contain one or more asques ; all these 

 fungi under their conidia form have been 

 designated under tlie generic term oidium ; 

 they then exhibit sueli a i-csinililain,. U\ each 

 other that it is often imimssil,!,- Lnlisilnguish 

 the one from the other. 



Erysiphe communis (mildew of peas, 

 trefoil, etc.). — -Attacks peas, haricots, lentils, 

 lupines, trefoils, and different crucifers. The 

 disease extends over the two faces of tlie 

 leaves. The plants attacked languish, and 

 a cro]) niav \»- cntirdv dcstnnvd. 



Envsii'HKciiAMixis'uniMcw'nrcci-cals).- 

 It fiinii^ :i |ll•lxl^t,.llt wonllv r,,al, white at 

 first then rcdiji-ih ; yn.ws in isolated spots or 

 on surfaces extending over the gi-ain and the 

 leaves of cereals, particularly wheat. 



Mild,'ir nf th- Ash h-af„n,l lluzd Leaf 

 (Pltnllart;,,;.! s/'//V//.0. — This mildew is 

 foun.l on the leaves of tlie hazel-tree, the ash, 

 tlic horiilu-aiii, the birch and tlie alder-tree. 

 It covers the two faces of the leaf; the 

 (oM-riiiL;- is sjiidery, white and transient. 



Mihii-tv (If tlie (gooseberry (M icroxpluem 

 (/ni.s.su/iirui:).— This mildew covers the two 

 faces of the leaves with a greyish-white 

 s])idcvv covering. 



.]/,-/,/ -ir of the Hop (Spherotheca Cas- 

 /•if/iiri).- -'I'lus mildew, distributed over the 

 most dilfereiit plants, is jmrticularly injurious 

 to tlie hop. It attacks all tlic female in- 

 florescences and destroys the irop. It very 

 often attacks the inllorcsccnccs of Spirea 

 id mar in ; it is very freijueiit on the cucur- 

 bitaceae and in particular on melons anil 

 pumpkins, on the compositie, plantains, pim- 

 pernels, \iroiii( as. The spidery spots form 

 on lioih siih's of the leaves. 



Mildi'ii- III' Ihi- Rose and Peach (Splue- 

 rot/iecK j)ii/ni<isa). — This mildew is frequent 

 in gardens where it covers the young shoots 

 and buds of rose bushes. 



EuDE.Mis (tortrix of the grape). Eudemis 

 Botratui.—'Th'm small butterfly has the same 

 habits and causes the same damage as the 

 cochylis, but it has three ,L;eii. rat ions a year 

 and thus attacks the iiilloresceiice, the sour 

 grapes (verjiis), and the ripe grapes. The 

 greenish caterpillar reaches 1 centimetre. 

 Thi' insect coimnits its ravages more especi- 

 ally in Southern France. 



ExoASCUs deformans (leaf curl of the 

 peach). — This disease is caused by the com- 



