82 



AN AMERICAN GEOLOGICAL RAILWAY GUIDE. (N.Y.) 



91. Just south of the Erie Canal there is a deep cut in a bluff of Waterlime group. 



92. Picturesque view of Pompey Valley. 



93. Cazehovia Lake is a beautiful lake, 4}& miles long, % mile wide, and 70 feet deep, 1,189 

 feet above tide water, and is excavated in the Hamilton group. It discharges its waters into 

 Chittenango Creek, which runs southward. 



94. Lebanon and Earlville are both good localities for Hamilton fossils. 



95. Extensive and beautiful view extending over Oneida Lake. 



96. Canaseraga Falls similar to Chittenango Falls. Note 97. 



97. The Falls are in sight in the valley to the west. Here Chittenango Creek falls 120 feet per- 

 pendicularly into a canon over the 9. Onondaga limestone, with the Corniferous bed over it, which 

 forms the sides of the creek at the top of or above the Falls. Under the Onondaga limestone is 

 the Oriskany sandstone, only six inches thick. Above the Falls the creek flows through a small, 

 handsome valley, its lower sides formed of Marcellus, and the tops of the hill? Hamilton. 



98. Moravia is an excellent locality for Hamilton fossils. The Tully limestone, the dividing line 

 between the Hamilton and Genesee, is halfway up the hill sides, and appears to dip below the valley 

 north of Locke. It is met with at the falls of Dry Creek, south of Moravia. 



99. Owasco Lake is 10 miles long, a mile and a half wide at the north at Auburn, and a half mile 

 at the south end, and 750 feet above tide water. The whole of the lake is in the Hamilton group. 



100. Marl is here taken from the bottom of ponds; dried like bricks, and burnt into lime. 



101. From Bloomingburg tunuel to Sidney, the geology is the same as from Port Jervis to Sus- 

 quehanna on the Erie Railway. 



102. Oneida Lake is 19 miles long, 6 miles wide, its greatest depth not over 40 feet, and in general 

 it is quite shoal. Its surface is 367 feet above tide water. It is excavated in the 5 b. Clinton group 

 the rocks of which appear on its south shore and west end. Its north shore is covered with sandy 

 alluvium which is 100 feet deep at the east end and furnishes glass sand used in the glass factories in 

 this vicinity. 



103. The Erie rail way tunnel at Jersey City is through Bergen Hill, which is the southern end of 

 the mountain ridge of basalt or trap rock of the 16. Triassic age, 48 miles long, known farther north 

 as the Palisade Mountain. See note 5. 



104. The railroads out of New York through New Jersey pass over very extensive tide marshes, 

 covered with reeds and coarse sedge grass, growing in soft mud, which is in some places forty feet 

 deep, and all overflowed in high tide. These vast salt marshes so near New York City, which 

 excite the wonder of strangers, contain from 250,000 to 300,000 acres or from 400 to 470 square miles. 



