98 



AN AMEKICAN GEOLOGICAL RAILWAY GUIDE. (PA.) 



61. Old limonite mines (very rich), Schoenberger's. A few miles further on are the new and 

 curious Leathercracker Cove limonite mines of the Cambria Company. 



62. Important outcrop of the iron ore beds underlying the Pittsburg coal bed. 



63. Mauch Chunk red shale iron ore beds in the ravines of the mountain. 



64. Centre of the coke trade. Miles of coke ovens all along the road from here towards 

 Greensburg and towards Mount Pleasant. (See Coke Keport, L. 1877, Second Geological Survey 

 of Pa.) 



65. Occupies the same position on the Kiskaminitas that Connellsville (64) does on the 

 Youg^hioghany, in the centre of the narrow first gas coal basin west of Chestnut ridge. Pittsburg 

 coal bed on the hills opposite, south side river. 



66. Two miles further the Pittsburg bed occupies the central hills of the third gas coal basin. 

 Old salt wells along the river bringing up brine from the Pocono sandstone. 



67. Famous gas well 1,250 feet deep, on south side of river. Gas from first (?) oil sand (of 

 Butler and Venango) brought across the river on bridge, to rolling mill. Gas furnaces for 

 puddling iron here first successfully used. See Keport L. Geological Survey. 



68. Iron works fired by natural gas brought in a pipe, 40 miles long, from the great gas wells in 

 northern Butler County. 



69. Remark the typical Eddy Hill in the centre of plain, on which the College formerly stood. 



70. To get to the first productive deep oil wells one must go several miles northeast from Butler 

 towards St. Jo, Petrolia, &c. The road descends to the Alleghany River level over lower productive 

 coal measures. 



71. In the gap of Jack's Mountain is the spring and former residence of "Logan the Indian." 

 Trenton rocks form cliffs. The Kishacoquillas Valley is shut in east of Milroy by two very remark- 

 able " ships keel " (synclinal) mountains of Medina and Oneida. The hull is Oneida, the keel 

 Medina. The valley and its three arms are all surrounded "by terraces of erosion. Taylor thought 

 it was a terrace of deposit and that the valley had been a lake. A turnpike drive across the valley 

 from Logan's Gap, northwest, by the old iron mines, and over the Standing Stone mountain, to 

 Greenwood furnace, with its fossil ore mines and fine scenery, will repay. A fault cuts the S. S. 

 Mountain. The Clinton shales are curiously crumpled in the cuttings descending to the furnace. 



72. The barren coal measures cover most of Indiana County. 



73. Magnetic and limonite iron ores from one to five miles west of this and in the ridges to the 

 north and south. 



74. Cliffs of greenstone trap overhang the road and river. 



75. More trap cliffs from here to Red Bank. Magnetic iron ore bed above, back from the 

 river. 



76. Fine long cuttings through the Siluro-Cambrian limestone opposite Harrisburg. 



