100 



AN AMERICAN GEOLOGICAL RAILWAY GUIDE. (PA.) 



89. River breaks out of coal field under cliffs of Pottsville conglomerate and runs in Mauch 

 Chunk red shale. 



90. Eiver cuts across the coal field, leaving a small mound of coal measures isolated on the west 

 bank. 



91. Square across to the north, 6 miles, is seen the high end of the Schickshinny (Pocono) 

 Mountain, reached by a good road from Bloomsburg, 7 miles, and affording one of the finest pano- 

 ramic views in Pennsylvania. 



92. Famous and extensive fossil ore (Clinton) iron mines, sunk deep. Iron works here and at 

 Blopmsburg. Ore crops along both sides of mountain ridge for 15 miles. May be studied on the 

 anticlinal arch, in the gaps at both places. See also Note 134. 



93. Famous collecting ground for rare minerals. Azoic ridge to the north. Remarkable 

 outcrops, natural and artificial, of the calciferous limestones along the river north bank to 

 Bethlehem. Many iron works. Laurentian rocks south of the river all the way up. 



94. Zinc works. Saucon zinc mine in the mountains to the south, easily reached by N. P. 

 Railroad. 



95. Perhaps the best limonite open mine in America for study, lies 4 miles west, (Ironton). Best 

 reached on wheels; also by rail, over a long, high iron bridge. Manganese, kaolin, lignite, with 

 the ore. Mine very large and old. 



96. Extensive roofing slate quarries here. Two miles further enter the Lehigh Water Gap 

 between sloping walls of Oneida and Medina. Issue upon Clinton red shale. Notice a fine Eddy 

 Hill opposite. Behind it is a terminal moraine, which a glacier, formerly descending the Lehigh, 

 left across the mouth of the Aquashicola Creek, forcing that stream to excavate a new channel in 

 the solid Medina rocks of the mountain. Two miles farther, at the bend of the river, north bank, 

 the ice has crushed over the slates, polished the surface, and loaded it with till. From the Gap 

 Hotel ride to the top of Stone Hill (Oriskany outcrop) for the view through the gap. Hydraulic 

 lime quarries on the way up. 



97. On the crest of one of the grandest anriclinals in the state. The gently south dipping 

 Chemung and Hamilton here turn over and descend vertically. From here to Mauch Chunk the 

 Devonian and Bernician systems are complete, vertical, and crossed at right angles, so as to give an 



- easy section of 10,000 feet, up to the coal measures. 



98. Fine geological headquarters. The gap in the second mountain gives the whole Pocono and 

 Catskill. The river above gives the Mauch Chunk red shale. Mt. Pisgah the Pottsville conglom- 

 erate. Nine miles up the "passenger tourist's gravity road" lies the famous Summit Mine, 

 mammoth coal bed, 60 feet thick, open quarry. In the gap notice the islet on which the first 

 anthracite iron furnace once stood. Good specimens of dendrites to be got from the plates in the 

 mountain opposite the hotel. From here to Penn Haven, the fine gorge of the Lehigh with its ox 

 bow bend and walls of Catskill rocks. 



99. Ascend 400 feet higher to the summit of Penobscot Knob, affording the finest view in the 

 state. Notice the glacial scratches on the rock on the highest summit of the knob. From here all 

 the collieries are visible below, and the whole structure of the third anthracite coal basin can be 

 made out. Down Solomon's gap by three old incline planes, notice the erosion of the red shale. 



100. Buttermilk Falls, not the falls of that name near Stroudsburg, but in nearly the game 

 rocks, with the hollows filled with gravel. 



101. Enter the long gorge of the north branch of the Susquehanna through the Allegheny 

 mountain plateau, capped (further west) by the Mehoocany coal basin. 



