Description of Wild Lettuce. 137 



gleanings. The only way to prevent this 

 late ripening of the seeds is to go over the 

 fields once or twice after the harvest is 

 over, and cut off with the spud all plants 

 that seem likely to produce seed that season. 

 2. In pennanent pastures, waste places, 

 lanes, etc. In permanent pastures, and along 

 fences, in lanes, and around the corners or 

 farm buildings, and in the borders of wood- 

 lands, the plants must be destroyed by the 

 use of the spud. In cutting them, however, 

 great care must be taken to strike them 

 below the crown. If this be done the plants 

 -will die, no matter what their previous 

 growth may have been. The spudding may 

 be done at any time of the year when the 

 ground is not frozen, but during the second 

 year the cutting must, of course, take place 

 before the plants form their seeds. A few 

 years -of this persistent spudding will soon 

 get to the last of them. Farmers who go 

 over their fields twice a year with the spud 

 will not long be troubled with burdocks. 



(5) WILD LETTUCE. 



The various species of wild lettuce (Lac- 

 tuca virosa, Lactuca scariola, and related 

 species) are annuals or biennials. The 



