OF VOLCANOS. 217 



upraised from the deep bottom of the sea, forming islands 

 resembling that which, in the vicinity of the Azores, ap- 

 peared thrice periodically, at nearly equal intervals, in three 

 centuries. The Peloponnesus has, between Epidaurus and 

 Troezene, near Methone, a Monte Nuovo described by Strabo 

 and seen again by Dodwell, which is higher than the Monte 

 Nuovo of the Phlegrsean Melds near Baia3, and perhaps even 

 higher than the new volcano of Jorullo in the plains of 

 Mexico, which I found surrounded by several thousand 

 small basaltic cones which had been protruded from the 

 earth and were still smoking. In the Mediterranean and 

 its shores, it is not only from the permanent craters of iso- 

 lated mountains having a constant communication with the 

 interior, as Stromboli, Vesuvius, and Etna, that volcanic 

 fires break forth : at Ischia, on the Monte Epomeo, and 

 also, as it would appear by the accounts of the ancients, in 

 the Lelantine plain near Chalcis, lavas have flowed from 

 fissures which have suddenly opened at the surface of the 

 earth. Besides these phsenomena, which fall within the 

 historic period, or within the restricted domain of well- 

 assured tradition, and which Carl Bitter will collect and 

 elucidate in his masterly work on Geography, the shores 

 of the Mediterranean exhibit numerous remains of more 

 ancient volcanic action. In the south part of France, in 

 Auvergne, we see a separate complete system of volcanos 

 arranged in lines, trachytic domes alternating with cones of 

 eruption, from which streams of lava have flowed in narrow 

 bands. The plain of Lombardy, as level as the surface of 

 the sea, and forming an inner Gulf of the Adriatic, surrounds 



