ANNOTATIONS AND ADDITIONS. 321 



Chagres to be made in 1828 and 1829 by Lloyd and 

 Falmarc. (Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society 

 of London for the year 1830, p. 59-68.) Other measure- 

 ments have since been executed by accomplished and expe- 

 rienced French engineers, and projects have been formed 

 for canals and railways with locks and tunnels, but always 

 in the direction of a meridian between Portobello and 

 Panama, or more to the west, towards Chagres and 

 Cruces. Thus the most important points of the eastern 

 and south-eastern part of the Isthmus have remained un- 

 examined on both shores ! So long as this part is not exa- 

 mined geographically by means of exact but easily obtained 

 determinations of latitude and of longitude by chronometers, 

 as well as hypsometrically in the conformation of the surface 

 by barometric measurements of elevation, so long I consider 

 that the statement I have repeatedly made, and which I now 

 repeat in 1849, will still be true; viz. " that it is as yet un- 

 proved and quite premature to pronounce that the Isthmus 

 does not admit of the formation of an Oceanic Canal (i. e. 

 a canal with fewer locks than the Caledonian Canal) permit- 

 ting at all seasons the passage of the same sea-going ships 

 between New York and Liverpool on the one hand, and 

 Chili and California on the other." 



On the Atlantic side (according to examinations which 

 the Direccion of the Deposito hidrografico of Madrid have 

 entered on their maps since 1809) the Enseuada de Man- 

 dinga penetrates so deeply towards the south that it appears 

 to be only four or five German geographical miles, fifteen 

 to an equatorial degree, (i. e. 16 or 20 English geographical 

 VOL. n. Y 



