BAKER.] AUTHORITIES. 43 



Murdoch, 1881-1883. 



John Murdoch was a member of Ray's party at Point Barrow, 

 1881-1883, as naturalist and observer. The natural history in Ray's 

 report (pp. 89-200) was written by him. Murdoch also studied the 

 Eskimo, acquired some knowledge of their language, and published, 

 in 1892, Ethnological Results of the Point Barrow Expedition, in the 

 Ninth Annual Report of the Bureau of Eth.iology, 1887-88, pp. l-lll. 



Nelson, 1877-1881. 



Mr. Edward William Nelson was stationed for about four years 

 (June 1877 to 1881) at St. Michael, Norton sound, in the employment 

 of the United States Signal Service, and as a collector for the Smith- 

 sonian Institution. During that period he made sledge journeys in 

 the vicinity, and one, especially noteworthy, of about 1,200 miles 

 through the Yukon delta. This journey, made in December, 1878, and 

 January, 1879, yielded considerable geographic knowledge of the 

 region traversed. The map results were incorporated in the maps of 

 the Tenth Census, and a special map with a description of the journey 

 was published in the Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society 

 for 1882, Vol. IV, pp. 660 to 670. 



Nichols, 1881-1883. 



Lieut. Commander Henry E. Nichols, U. S. N., in command of the 

 Coast and Geodetic Survey steamer Hassler, made surveys in Alex- 

 ander archipelago during three seasons, 1881-1883. In 1881 he niade 

 surveys in Kaigani and Wrangell straits and magnetic observations 

 at various places. In 1882, from July 6 to November 20, his work 

 was in and about Revillagigedo channel and northward to Wrangell. 

 In 1883, from May 16 to October 13, he surveyed several harbors 

 just north of Dixon entrance. lie was relieved of his command by 

 Lieut. Commander A. S. Snow on March 6, 1881. 



In 1888-1890 he again served in the Coast Survey and wrote a 

 revised edition of the Alaska Coast Pilot, which was published in 1891. 



For an account of his work see Coast and Geodetic Survey Reports, 

 1882, pp. 52-53; 1883, pp. 59-60; 1881, pp. 70-71; also Coast Survey 

 charts 707, 709, 710, 713, 8072, 8071. 



North Pacific Exploring Expedition, 1854-55. 



Exploration and surveys were made in the North Pacific, Aleutian 

 islands, Bering sea, and on the Siberian coast by United States naval 

 officers in 1851 and 1855. The expedition was under the command of 

 Capt. Cadwalader Ringgold, U. S. N. Owing to ill health he gave up 

 the command to Capt. John Rodgers, who conmianded the U. S. S. 

 Vi7icennes, while Lieuts. William Gibson and Beverly Kennou were on 



