Crown cover or crown closure 



The percentage of a given area covered by the 

 crowns of trees. '« '^ 



Cutting units 



Areas of timber proposed for harvest. 



Cull S ' 



A tree of such poor quality that it has no 

 merchantable value in terms of the product 

 being cut. .•.■■iH -o ,i.-,> vc , 



Discounting ■ ■• - -.". 



In economics, a method of accounting for the 

 value of money over time, its ability to earn 

 interest, so that costs and benefits occurring at 

 different points in time are brought to a com- 

 mon date for comparison, -^i 



Ditch relief 



A method of draining water from roads using 

 ditches and a corrugated metal pipe. The pipe 

 is placed just under the road surface. 



Dominant tree 



Those trees within a forest stand that extend 



their crowns above surrounding trees and 



capture sunlight from above and around the 



crown. 



!> JflillJiJ'l 



■>"\ 



Drain dip '•*' 



A graded depression built into a road to divert 



water and prevent soil erosion. -' >.- — 



Ecosystem fi^ifi -J*^*^ 



An interacting system of living organisms and 

 the land and water that make up their environ- 

 ment; the home place of all living things, 

 including humans. >"/■ < ' ..'/l' 



Environmental effects 



The impacts or effects of a project on the O 

 natural and human environment. - A 



Equivalent clearcut area (EC A) "^'■ 



The total area within a watershed where 

 timber has been harvested, including clearcuts, 

 parHal cuts, roads, and bums. 



Alloivable ECA - The estimated num- -f^i 

 ber of acres that can be clearcut before 

 stream channel stability is affected. 



Existing ECA - The number of acres 

 that have been previously harvested 

 ^ \ .5 taking into account the degree of 



hydrologic recovery that has occurred 

 due to revegetation. 



Remaining ECA -The calculated 

 amount of harvest that may occur 

 " ' without substantially increasing the 

 risk of causing detrimental effects to 

 stream-channel stability. .m^i^x,^ 



Excavator piling "" ..,u-..*^?»;^s.» 



The piling of logging residue using an excava- 



tor. 



ji/ " i^j ■ 



Fire regimes 



Describes the frequency, type, and severity of 

 wildfires. Examples include: frequent, nonle- 

 thal underburns; mixed-severity fires; and 

 stand-replacement or lethal bums. i»J^ 



Forage ' " 



All browse and nonwoody plants available to 

 wildlife for grazing. 



Forest improvement 



The establishment and growing of trees after a 

 site has been harvested. Associated activities 

 include site preparation, planting, survival 

 checks, regeneration surveys, and stand 

 thinnings; road maintenance; resource monitor- 

 ing; noxious weed management; and right of 

 way acquisition on a State Forest. 



Fragmentation (forest) 



A reduction of connectivity and increase in 

 sharp stand edges resulting when large con- 

 tiguous areas of forest with similar age and 

 structural character are interrupted through 

 disturbance (e.g., stand-replacement fire, timber 

 harvesting). 



Habitat 



The place where a plant or animal naturally or 

 normally lives and grows. 



Habitat effectiveness for ungulates 



The percentage of available habitat that is 

 useable by ungulates during the nonhunting 

 season (in comparison to potential ungulates 

 use). 



0-1 



Stillwater State Forest • Beaver Lake Timber Sale Project 



