age arrangement, and condition so to be 

 distinguishable from the adjoining forest. 



Stand density 



Number of trees per acre. 



Stocking 



The degree of occupancy of land by trees as 

 measured by basal area or number of trees and 

 as compared to a stocking standard, which is 

 an estimate of either the basal area or number 

 of trees per acre required to fully use the 

 growth potential of the land. .liftio 



Stream gradient 



The slope of a stream along its course, usually 

 expressed in percentage indicating the amount 

 of drop per 100 feet. , e 



T : 

 Stumpage i- 



The value of standing trees in the forest. 

 Sometimes used to mean the commercial value 

 of standing trees. 



Substrate scoring 



Rating of streambed particle sizes. 



Succession :V)Ti;bn=;. jVi^msh 



The natural series of replacement of one plant 

 (and animal) community by another over time 

 in the absence of disturbance. )l«fcj«': 



Suppressed 



The condition of a tree characterized by a low- 

 growth rate and low vigor due to competition 

 with overtopping trees. 



Texture t^! 



A term used in visual assessments indicating 

 distinctive or identifying features of the land- 

 scape depending on distance. 



Thermal cover 



For white-tailed deer, thermal cover has 70% 

 or more coniferous canopy closure at least 20 

 feet above the ground, generally requiring 

 trees to be 40 feet or taller. 



For elk and mule deer, thermal cover has 50% 

 or more coniferous canopy closure at least 20 

 feet above the ground, generally requiring 

 trees to be 40 feet or taller. 



Timber-harvesting activities 



In general, timber-harvesting activities refers 

 to all the activities conducted to facilitate 

 timber removal before, during, and after the 

 timber is removed. These activities may 

 include any or all of the following: 



felling standing trees and bucking into logs 



skidding logs to a landing 



processing, sorting, and loading logs at the 



landing 



hauling logs to a mill 



slashing and sanitizing residual vegetation 



damaged during logging 



machine piling logging slash 



burning logging slash 



scarification, site preparation ft, \o hrn,\ 



planting trees 



Transportation tributary area 



An area where the traffic patterns converge to 

 a common point, as defined by appropriate 

 logging systems and traffic patterns. 



Understory 



The trees and other woody species growing 

 under a, more-or-less, continuous cover of 

 branches and foliage formed collectively by 

 the overstory of adjacent trees and other 

 woody growth. 



11 r tl'litiU'lJ. 



Uneven-aged stand 



Various ages and sizes of trees growing to- 

 gether on a uniform site. 



Ungulates 



Hoofed mammals, such as mule deer, white- 

 tailed deer, elk, moose, which are mostly 

 herbivorous and many are horned or antlered. 



Vigor 



The degree of health and growth of a tree or 

 stand. 



Vigor Class 



The following vigor classes are based on the 

 Stillwater State Forest Stand Level Inventory. 



Full vigor - The full vigor class is 

 represented by open-grown trees. 

 Crown closure has not occurred, and 

 growth is optimal. 



G-6 



Stillwater State Forest • Beaver Lake Timber Sale Project 



