CHAPTER 5. REPRODUCTION AND FAWN MORTALITY 110 



Conception and Birth Dates 110 



Pregnancy, Ovulation, and Fertilization Rates 111 



Fawn Production, Mortality, and Recruitment 114 



General Patterns in the Population 114 



1975-1986 114 



1960-1974 119 



Age-specific Fawn Production and Recruitment 120 



Population Effects of Age-specific Recruitment 123 



Numbers 125 



Ratios 125 



Fawn Mortality Related to Litter Size and Sex 127 



Proximate Causes of Fawn Mortality 127 



Ultimate Causes of Fawn Mortality 130 



Fawn Mortality in Relation to Forage Production --131 

 Effect of Coyote and Alternate Prey Populations 



on Fawn Mortality 139 



Fawn Mortality in Relation to Winter Severity 146 



Fawn Production and Survival in Relation to 



Density 149 



CHAPTER 6. ADULT MORTALITY 156 



Mortality Estimates 156 



Female Mortality Patterns 156 



Male Mortality Patterns 160 



Causes of Mortality 161 



Females 161 



Males 162 



Age-specific Mortality 162 



Females 162 



Males 165 



Effect of Home Range Location on Mortality and 



Productivity of Females 167 



Comparative Effects of Hunting on Females and Males 172 



CHAPTER 7. SPATIAL AND SOCIAL DISTRIBUTION 176 



Spatial Distribution 176 



General Patterns 176 



Spatial Distribution by Sex and Age 178 



Temporal Changes in Spatial Distribution 180 



Social Organization and Distribution 183 



Group Size and Composition 185 



Factors Influencing Group Size and Composition 190 



Associations of Genetically Related Individuals — 194 

 Mother-Son and Sister-Brother Relationships -194 



Relationships of Brothers 197 



Relationships of Mothers and Daughters 197 



Association of Sisters 202 



Association of Marked Deer of Unknown Family 



Relationship 204 



Summary and Discussion 205 



